Ethics: a gradualist-coherentist approach and empirical investigation

伦理学：渐进-连贯主义方法和实证研究

• 批准号: 355457056
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jens Clausen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Internationales Zentrum für Ethik in den Wissenschaften (IZEW)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/355457056?language=en
• 关键词: Ethics; gradualist; coherentist; approach; empirical

The main goal of this ethical research project is to provide a gradualist and coherentist approach to weigh conflicting ethical positions on NHP research. Therefore, the ethical background for enabling non-arbitrary decisions in a situation of fundamental conflict has to be examined, in terms of theoretical issues, practical issues, and empirical evaluation. The theoretical issues focus on the theoretical commitments implied by the gradualist-coherentist approach, and the arguments within moral theory that may threaten them. The practical issues concern the proper framework and parameters for coherent decision-making, and the nature of burdens and benefits in NHP research. At the core of the project is an empirical investigation of stakeholder and public views on the ranked order of various research options with regard to burdens and benefits. These results will provide the empirical basis to examine whether or to what extend our coherentist rankings are acceptable despite different ethical backgrounds. Research activities will be evaluated and ranked with regard to harm caused to NHPs and the benefits of the research. For any given set of research activities, one can identify and reasonably evaluate relative harms and benefits and determine whether the burden constitutes a fair trade-off in view of the benefits. The relation of benefit and harm can be determined and evaluated according to similar, well-founded decisions in relevant areas. We hope to get at least a partial consensus here despite different ethical backgrounds. The project also maintains, in open access, a collection of information about laws and regulations related to NHP research. Finally, ethics consultation is made available to NHP researchers, and project participants will engage in impact activities in order to disseminate results and engage stakeholders and other interested parties.

这个伦理研究项目的主要目标是提供一个渐进和连贯的方法来权衡NHP研究中相互冲突的伦理立场。因此，在根本冲突的情况下，使非武断的决定的伦理背景，必须审查，在理论问题，实践问题，和实证评估。理论问题集中在渐进一致主义方法所隐含的理论承诺，以及道德理论中可能威胁它们的论点。实际问题涉及适当的框架和参数的连贯决策，以及在NHP研究的负担和利益的性质。该项目的核心是对利益攸关方和公众对各种研究选择的负担和收益排序的看法进行实证调查。这些结果将提供实证基础，以检查是否或在何种程度上我们的一致性排名是可以接受的，尽管不同的伦理背景。将根据对NHP造成的伤害和研究的益处对研究活动进行评估和排名。对于任何一组特定的研究活动，人们都可以识别和合理地评估相对的危害和好处，并确定负担是否构成了考虑到好处的公平权衡。可以根据相关领域类似的、有充分根据的决定来确定和评价利益和损害的关系。我们希望，尽管有不同的伦理背景，但至少能在这里达成部分共识。该项目还以开放获取的方式收集了与NHP研究有关的法律和法规的信息。最后，国家卫生计划的研究人员可以获得伦理咨询，项目参与者将参与影响活动，以传播成果并吸引利益攸关方和其他有关各方。