GRK 1049: Archives, Power and Knowledge - Organising, Controlling and Destroying Stored Knowledge from Antiquity to the Present

近年来，档案公开已成为一个极具爆炸性的话题，无论是在学术政治还是一般政治领域。最近一些最激烈的辩论，如关于德国国防军、瑞士纳粹黄金的争论，或国家社会主义时代后传记的构建，都是由新发布或新解读的档案材料引发的。除了极少数例外，档案的实际储存库及其组织结构，即档案，一直没有得到深入的学术关注，特别是对于历史学家来说，尽管他们的工作主要是基于档案的使用。在当前的讨论中，除了Erinnerungskulture(记忆文化)和Wisenskulture(知识文化)的趋势之外，使用档案一词也是由于档案性质的短暂转变。这反映在重点从保存到数据流动，从一个特定领域的本地化到更广泛的、几乎任意的可用性，从存档过程到导航过程。这一发展时而被谴责为信息技术时代去感官化的高潮，时而被誉为每个人都能获得数据的民主化、无国界。然而，目前的情况虽然有问题，但使档案本身成为一个有趣的主题。事实证明，就保存和传输保存的数据而言，承诺将知识的垂直和分层秩序转变为更横向和更民主的形式的新数字存储是站不住脚的。研究训练组抓住当前对档案知识历史组织的兴趣，试图从三个方面进行调查：第一，可存档和已存档材料的收集、稳定和使用；第二，纳入和排除的过程，这两个过程支配着档案过程，即选择存档材料和控制其使用；第三，档案材料的误用、破坏和伪造。

In recent years the release of files has become a highly explosive topic, both in terms of academic politics as well as politics in general.Some of the most intense debates in recent times, such as the controversy about the Wehrmacht, Nazi gold in Switzerland or the construction of biographies after the National Socialist era, have been triggered by newly released or newly interpreted archival material. With few exceptions, the actual repository of the files and its organisational structure, namely the archive, has not been the subject of in-depth academic attention, particularly so with regard to historians, even though their work is largely based upon the use of archives.The use of the term archive in current discussions, beyond the trend of Erinnerungskultur (culture of memory) and Wissenskultur (culture of knowledge), is also due to the momentary shift of the character of archives. This is reflected in the change of emphasis from preservation to flow of data, from localisation in one particular area to a wider, almost arbitrary availability, from the process of archiving to navigating. This development is alternately condemned as the climax of de-sensualisation in the age of information technology, or is celebrated as the democratised, borderless access to data for everyone. However, the current situation, while problematic, nevertheless makes the archive an interesting subject in itself. The new digital stores that promised to convert the vertical and hierarchical order of knowledge into a more horizontal and democratic shape have been proved to be untenable, as far as the preservation and transmission of saved data is concerned. A society that works primarily with memory machinery runs the risk of losing its memory if a malfunction of storage facilities occurs.The Research Training Group seizes upon the current interest in historical organisation of archival knowledge and attempts to investigate it along three lines of inquiry: Firstly, the collection, stabilisation and use of archiveable and archived material; secondly, the processes of inclusion and exclusion which rule the archival process, namely the selection of archived material and the control of its use; thirdly, the misuse, destruction and forgery of archived material.