Multilevel Comparative Analysis of the Immigrant Gap in the Incidence of Job-Skill Mismatch among the Highly Skilled Working Population

高技能劳动人口工作技能不匹配发生率的移民差距的多层次比较分析

• 批准号: 389351410
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Céline Teney
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Soziologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/389351410?language=en
• 关键词: Multilevel; Comparative; Analysis; Immigrant; Gap

The main research questions of this project are to what extent and why highly skilled immigrant workers (i.e. foreign-born citizens who immigrated as adults and are educated to tertiary level) face a higher incidence of job-skill mismatches than highly skilled national workers across European countries, even after a period of adaptation to the labour market of the destination country. Job-skill mismatch refers to the situation where workers are overeducated or undereducated for the occupation they pursue. Individuals are characterized as overeducated (or undereducated) if their years of education are more than one standard deviation above (or below) the mean education level for their occupation. Overeducation is the most likely pattern of job-skill mismatch faced by highly skilled workers. These research questions will be investigated by means of the available national and cross-national secondary survey data of immigrants and nationals, such as the EU Labour Force Survey with its 2014 migration Ad Hoc Module available for 26 European countries. This project will use comparative approaches at the micro, meso and macro levels. At the micro level, it will follow a theoretical human capital approach and investigate variations in the immigrant gap in the incidence of job-skill mismatch in relation to various individual characteristics such as the country of origin, entry category and legal (immigrant) status of highly skilled immigrants. At the meso level, the project will analyse differences between labour market sectors in respect of the incidence of immigrant penalties related to job-skill mismatches. At the macro level, the differences in the incidence of job-skill mismatches between highly skilled immigrants and highly skilled nationals across 26 European destination countries will be analysed. The project aims to assess the extent to which differences in immigrant penalties arising from job-skill mismatches of the highly skilled working population in these destination countries are related to differences in labour market characteristics and regulation, differences in policies targeting immigrants and highly skilled workers, and differences in societal openness towards immigrants. Most (mainly Western) European countries have been striving to attract highly skilled immigrants to fill their skilled labour shortage, which has led to a higher proportion of highly skilled individuals among the immigrant population. The underutilization of the expertise of highly skilled immigrants constitutes a problem not only for the highly skilled immigrants themselves, but also for the destination countries, as they are likely to waste skills despite the demand for skills in their labour market. A better understanding of the micro, meso and macro factors which foster and hamper the labour market integration of highly skilled immigrants would therefore be very valuable, not only for the international scientific community but also for the European public debate.

该项目的主要研究问题是，在欧洲各国，高技能移民工人（即在外国出生的公民，成年后移民并接受高等教育）面临的工作技能不匹配的发生率高于高技能本国工人，即使在适应目的地国劳动力市场一段时间后也是如此，以及为什么如此。工作与技能不匹配是指劳动者的教育程度与其从事的职业不匹配或教育程度不足。如果一个人的受教育年数比其职业的平均受教育水平高出（或低于）一个标准差以上，则该人被定性为受教育程度过高（或受教育程度不足）。过度教育是高技能工人面临的最有可能的工作技能不匹配模式。这些研究问题将通过现有的国家和跨国移民和国民二级调查数据进行调查，例如欧盟劳动力调查及其2014年针对26个欧洲国家的移民特设模块。本项目将在微观、中观和宏观各级采用比较方法。在微观一级，它将遵循理论上的人力资本方法，并调查与高技能移民的原籍国、入境类别和法律的（移民）地位等各种个人特征有关的工作技能不匹配发生率方面的移民差距变化。在中间一级，该项目将分析劳动力市场各部门之间在与工作技能不匹配有关的移民处罚发生率方面的差异。在宏观层面，将分析26个欧洲目的地国高技能移民和高技能国民之间工作技能不匹配发生率的差异。该项目旨在评估这些目的地国高技能工作人口的工作技能不匹配造成的移民惩罚差异在多大程度上与劳动力市场特点和监管的差异、针对移民和高技能工人的政策的差异以及社会对移民开放程度的差异有关。大多数（主要是西欧）欧洲国家一直在努力吸引高技能移民，以填补其熟练劳动力短缺的问题，这导致高技能个人在移民人口中所占比例较高。高技能移民的专门知识利用不足，不仅对高技能移民本身，而且对目的地国都是一个问题，因为尽管劳动力市场对技能有需求，但他们很可能浪费技能。因此，更好地了解促进和阻碍高技能移民融入劳动力市场的微观、中观和宏观因素，不仅对国际科学界，而且对欧洲的公共辩论都非常有价值。