EXC 2154: POLiS - Post Lithium Storage Cluster of Excellence

将波动的可再生能源融入未来的能源经济和建立电动汽车需要新的材料和技术概念，以实现强大和可持续的电能储存。该集群的主要目标是建立对新一代电化学储能系统的基本了解，并为未来的固定和移动应用开发一个平台。为了克服目前锂离子电池技术的局限性，包括对可持续材料供应的不确定性，我们已经确定了不再依赖锂的替代方案。具体地说，我们的目标是基于钠、镁、锌、钙、铝、氯离子的可持续系统。这种系统被称为后锂电池，具有储存更多能量、更安全的潜力，并为固定和移动电化学存储等大规模应用提供了一种成本更低的长期选择。对这种电池的首次研究表明，到目前为止建立的概念不能简单地从锂电池转移到后锂电池世界，目前对电化学系统的理解不足以在这一新技术的基础上建立更好的系统。阻碍后锂系统发展和广泛使用的主要“障碍”包括：-固体和液体中的离子迁移率低，-缺乏具有适当电荷转移特性的精心设计的材料界面，-活性材料和电解液的降解，以及-充放电过程缺乏可逆性。为了解决这些问题，该群组的工作将围绕四个主要主题(研究单位)进行组织：电极材料、电解液、界面和集成与可持续电池工程，它们反映了电化学系统的不同水平和方面。我们特别致力于将基本材料的性能与电化学能量存储中的关键性能参数联系起来。拟议的联盟结合了乌尔姆大学(UULM)和卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院(KIT)的顶级电化学家、材料科学家、建模专家和工程师的专业知识。它在解决电化学储能领域的科学和技术挑战方面具有独特的地位，是后锂系统领域的国际领先财团之一。根据2017年LI和后LI研发的出版物和专利数量，UUlm和KIT合并在欧洲占据第一位。集群将遵循多学科方法，包括溶液和材料化学、电化学、预测原子和连续介质建模，以及化学和过程工程。提出的材料设计概念最终将在全电池中得到验证，检查性能、可持续性和安全问题。拟议的集群包括高风险、高收益的研究，并将为技术转移到工业铺平道路。

The integration of fluctuating renewable energy sources into the future energy economy and the establishment of electromobility require new materials and technology concepts for powerful and sustainable electrical energy storage. The main goal of this Cluster is to build a fundamental understanding of a new generation of electrochemical energy storage systems and develop a platform for future stationary and mobile applications. In order to overcome current limitations of Li-ion battery technology, including uncertainties regarding sustainable materials supply, we have identified alternatives that no longer rely on Li. Specifically, we are targeting sustainable systems based on Na, Mg, Zn, Ca, Al, Cl ions. Such systems are called "post-Li" batteries and have the potential to store more energy, be safer, and provide a less costly, long-term option for mass applications such as stationary and mobile electrochemical storage.First work on such batteries has shown that concepts established so far cannot simply be transferred from the Li to the post-Li world, and the current understanding of electrochemical systems is not sufficient to build better systems on the basis of this new technology. Major "road blocks" preventing development and widespread use of post-Li systems include:- low ionic mobility in solids and liquids, - lack of well-designed materials interfaces with suitable charge transfer properties, - degradation of active materials and electrolyte, and- lack of reversibility of charge- and discharge processes. To tackle these issues, the work within the Cluster will be organized along four key topics (Research Units): Electrode Materials, Electrolytes, Interfaces, and Integration & Sustainable Cell Engineering, which reflect the different levels and aspects of electrochemical systems. We particularly aim at linking fundamental materials properties to critical performance parameters in electrochemical energy storage.The proposed consortium combines the expertise of top-class electrochemists, materials scientists, modeling experts and engineers at Ulm University (UUlm) and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Uniquely positioned to address the scientific and technical challenges in the field of electrochemical energy storage, it is among the internationally leading consortia in the field of post-Li systems. Based on the number of publications and patents in Li and post-Li research and development in 2017, UUlm and KIT combined hold the first position in Europe.The Cluster will follow a multidisciplinary approach, including solution and materials chemistry, electrochemistry, predictive atomistic and continuum modeling, as well as chemical and process engineering. Arising concepts for materials design will eventually be validated in full battery cells, examining performance, sustainability and safety issues. The proposed Cluster comprises high-risk high-gain research and will pave the way for technology transfer to industry.