Regional air quality impacts of ship emissions from megaports in the Yangtze River Delta, China, and in Northern Europe

长江三角洲、中国和北欧大型港口船舶排放对区域空气质量的影响

• 批准号: 392026931
• 负责人: Dr. Volker Matthias
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/392026931?language=en
• 关键词: Regional; air; quality; impacts; ship

Shipping emissions are one of the most significant sources of ambient air pollutants in port and offshore areas. In response to the threat for human health and the environment, that is connected with ship emissions, national and international bodies and environmental agencies are about to take measures for supporting abatement strategies such as fuel change, exhaust gas cleaning technologies or on-shore power supply. In order to provide a sound foundation for decisions to be made, research about the impact of shipping emissions considering the local environment - in terms of chemical composition of the atmosphere, geographical situation and climate/weather conditions - is needed urgently. A suitable research approach includes real world assessments of emission factors and the chemical composition of plumes in the near-field of exhaust stacks, the establishment of localized shipping emission inventories, and the improvement and adaptation of dispersion and chemical transformation models for port areas. Consequently, this project aims to: (1) Carry out on-board measurements of emissions from representative ships in megaports in the Yangtze River Delta in China (Shanghai port and Ningbo-Zhoushan port) including a speciation of gaseous and particulate compounds. The evaluation of these measurements will yield an advanced set of load dependent emission functions and emission factors for all relevant air pollutants. The results will be compared with available emission factors from literature and with observations in the European megaports of Hamburg and Rotterdam. (2) Establish highly-resolved model-ready ship emission inventories containing all relevant pollutants based on shipping activity data. (3) Improve dispersion and chemical transformation models for exhaust gas plumes from ships by means of evaluating model results with observational data from port areas. (4) Estimate the impact of shipping emissions on air quality in megaport regions at different scales by applying both regional (COSMO-CLM/CMAQ) and nested city scale (CityChem) models. (5) Analyze differences and common features between Shanghai port and Hamburg port concerning the role of the ports for the air quality in and around the city. This will involve an evaluation the new emission standards in both ports in recent years in order to provide insight into the effectiveness of abatement strategies specific to each region

船舶排放是港口和近海地区环境空气污染物的最重要来源之一。为了应对与船舶排放有关的对人类健康和环境的威胁，国家和国际机构以及环境机构即将采取措施，支持诸如燃料更换、废气清洁技术或岸上供电等减排战略。为了为作出决定提供可靠的基础，迫切需要考虑到当地环境- -从大气的化学成分、地理情况和气候/天气条件的角度- -研究航运排放的影响。一种合适的研究方法包括对排气烟囱近场排放因子和羽流化学成分的真实世界评估，建立本地化的船舶排放清单，以及改进和适应港口地区的扩散和化学转化模型。因此，本项目旨在：(1)对中国长江三角洲大型港口（上海港和宁波舟山港）的代表性船舶的排放进行船上测量，包括一种气体和颗粒化合物。对这些测量的评估将产生一套先进的负荷相关排放函数和所有相关空气污染物的排放因子。这些结果将与文献中现有的排放因子以及在汉堡和鹿特丹等欧洲大型港口的观测结果进行比较。(2)根据航运活动数据，建立包含所有相关污染物的高分辨率模型就绪船舶排放清单。(3)利用港区观测资料对船舶废气羽流的扩散和化学转化模型进行评价，改进模型结果。(4)应用COSMO-CLM/CMAQ区域模型和嵌套城市尺度（CityChem）模型，在不同尺度下估算船舶排放对特大港区空气质量的影响。(5)分析上海港与汉堡港对城市及周边空气质量作用的差异与共性。这将涉及对两个港口近年来的新排放标准进行评估，以便深入了解每个地区具体的减排战略的有效性