Design and in vitro evaluation method for biomedical titanium implant materials using a spatial gap

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A recently developed "GRAPE technology" provides titanium or titanium alloy implants with spontaneous apatite-forming ability in vitro, which requires properly designed gaps and optimum heat treatment in air. We developed a new flow reactor system of a simulated body fluid combined with a spatial gap consisting of parallel-aligned two pieces of thermally-oxidized titanium substrates to examine in vitro apatite deposition behaviors in the spatial gap. The mechanism of in vitro apatite formation on the thermally-oxidized titanium substrate that parallel-aligned to another titanium-alloy substrate with optimized 0.5-mm gap width was proposed in order to establish design concept for a new implant device using a spatial gap.