Selective functionalization of aromatic ring through C-C bond formation by photocatalysis

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Functionalization of aromatic ring are usually carried out under sever condition via multistep with large consumption and emission of chemicals. This motivates us to develop novel and environmentally-begin simple chemical processes that can be operated under mild condition. In this study, we successfully found that a palladium loaded titanium oxide photocatalyst could promote a simple reaction from benzene and acetonitrile to produce benzyl cyanide and hydrogen through a unique carbon-carbon bond formation. We also found that the photocatalyst functioned as a hybridized catalyst where the loaded palladium nano-particle acted as not only a reduction sites for hydrogen formation (cocatalyst of photocatalyst) but also a catalyst to directly activate benzene molecule.