Microcredit and Participation in Markets in the Later Middle Ages

中世纪后期的小额信贷和市场参与

• 批准号: 399266981
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Annette Kehnel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Historisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/399266981?language=en
• 关键词: Microcredit; Participation; Markets; Later; Middle

The project adds to our understanding of the history of microcredit in the pre-modern era. It investigates the role of small scale loans for the economic and social life of late medieval and early modern societies. The research-led hypothesis that social coherence can be generated essentially through market participation was promoted in recent research by historians of the Early Modern and Modern periods, such as Fontaine, Schlumbohm, Clemens. We want to find out, whether this thesis holds good for medieval societies as well. We do so in three case studies and analyse archival material from geographically and socially very different regions in Europe. Tanja Skambraks’ subproject 1 evaluates ecclesiastical administration of the cathedral of St. Pauls, London and examines the role of the urban clergy as small scale lenders and borrowers. Subproject 2 of Hiram Kümper evaluates accounting books from the north-west German cities of Bocholt, Kalkar and Wesel, that allow insights into micro loans amongst the citizens. Subproject 3 of Annette Kehnel and Stephan Köhler examines small-scale loans in rural areas from Tyrolean accounting books (Raitbücher), in concentration on ducal loan-institutions, addressed as casanae or gazane in the sources. These are probably the earliest pawnshops in Europe. With this subproject the Historical Institute Mannheim further promotes an already existing research focus on the early history of pawnshops, that is currently dealt with by Tanja Skambraks in her Habilitationsprojekt on the Italian Monti di Pieta since 2014.The main problem of the research on micro-credit relationships in medieval societies has been the lack of sources, since everyday economic practices of mutual debt usually run informally and have not been documented. In recent years, however, the discussion has been stimulated by new impulses, particularly in the area of urban practices by Fouquet, Signori, Glimomen et al. Our research project wants to add to this research direction with the exemplary analysis of sources that so far have not been used for this purpose.

该项目增加了我们对前现代时期小额信贷历史的了解。它调查了小额贷款在中世纪晚期和早期现代社会的经济和社会生活中的作用。以研究为主导的假设认为，社会一致性基本上可以通过市场参与产生，这一假设在近代早期和现代历史学家（如Fontaine、Schlumbohm、Clemens）的近期研究中得到了推广。我们想知道，这个理论是否也适用于中世纪社会。我们在三个案例研究中这样做，并分析了来自欧洲地理和社会非常不同地区的档案材料。Tanja Skambraks的子项目1评估了伦敦圣保罗大教堂的教会管理，并研究了城市神职人员作为小规模贷款人和借款人的作用。Hiram k<e:1> mper的子项目2评估了德国西北部城市Bocholt， Kalkar和Wesel的会计账簿，这些账簿可以深入了解公民之间的小额贷款。Annette Kehnel和Stephan Köhler的子项目3检查了蒂罗尔会计账簿（raitb<e:1>）中农村地区的小额贷款，重点是公爵贷款机构，在来源中称为casanae或gazane。这些可能是欧洲最早的典当行。通过这个子项目，曼海姆历史研究所进一步推动了对典当行早期历史的现有研究，该研究目前由Tanja Skambraks在2014年开始的意大利Monti di Pieta的habilitationsproject中进行。中世纪社会小额信贷关系研究的主要问题是缺乏来源，因为相互债务的日常经济实践通常是非正式的，没有记录在案。然而，近年来，讨论受到了新的推动力的刺激，特别是在Fouquet、Signori、Glimomen等人的城市实践领域。我们的研究项目希望通过对迄今尚未用于此目的的资源进行示范性分析来增加这一研究方向。