Genetic background of tradeoffs related to the adaptation to different light conditions: molecular evolutionary ecology using two Viola

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We focused hybrid area of two closely related Viola species that was formed by invasions of V. eizanensis preferring more shaded places to V. chaerophylloides preferring more open places. 339 AFLP loci were used to estimate genetic architecture and generation of hybrids. Maternal inheritance was confirmed thorough sequencing of cpDNA atpI-atpH. Phenotypic variations were measured by leaf thickness and leaf dissection that were diversified between species. Molecular analysis showed that a genome of hybrid individuals was replaced by V. eizanensis. Significant correlations were observed between hybrid indices and two leaf traits. These results suggested adaptive genes of V. eizanensis to shaded habitats were fixed among hybrids and two leaf traits were important for their adaptation to light environments. For QTL analysis, we measured 5 traits for 443 F2 individuals and analyzed AFLP patterns.