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Studies on the Reclamation Method for Preventing the Field from the Soil Erosion.

防止田间水土流失的复垦方法研究。

基本信息

批准号：
58860035
负责人：
TOKUNAGA Koh-ichi
金额：
$ 3.9万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
财政年份：
1983
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1983 至 1985
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-58860035/
关键词：
field reclamation at improved slope top soil loss by erosion catch levee top soil dressing soil erosion seedbed making soil hardness 水質汚濁

项目摘要

The experimental ordinary field and grassland having 5 ha. respectively are reclamed at improved slope in the NANGO village, AOMORI Prefecture. The reclamation planning and design of this experimental site and its institutions for preventing soil erosion are carried out in this project. The effects of these reclamation planning and design are investigated as follows:1. Ordinary field(1) It is obvious that the field topography correlate to soil erosion. Land form having a convex surfce disperse the rain fall run off and reduce the soil erosion. On the other hand the concave land form concentrate the run off on the bottom site and intensify the soil erosion in that. Therefore the design of field construction should be performed the convex land form.(2) Field institutions such as catch levee, silting weir and grassed waterway-road having a shallow V type section are effective for prevention of top soil erosion. They have a large section for run off water and can cathches much silting soils and doesn't bury in them. Also these are planned and constructed with a less-costed method.(3) Rain fall retaintion in the field increases with the years after reclamation. This increase is due to the enlargement of infiltration in field soil layer and this infiltration increases with the root pores formed by the crop plants and cracks developed by soil drying. Further, the top soil dressing contribute to the increase of rain fall retaintion.2. Glassland(1) Graded land form and institutions are similar to ordinary field and good results are obtained. It can finds neither collapse, erosion nor water pollution during reclamation.(2) The top soil dressing and cultivation are abbreviated for making seedbeds and seeds are pressed with a bulldozer instead of a tractor. But a good yield and quality of grasses can be gotten by soil improvement and fertilizer application.(3) The top soil hardness is investigated according to real state of expreimental divisions in grassland.

试验田和草地面积5公顷。分别在青森县NANGO村的改良斜坡上进行填海。本项目对该试验场及其水土流失防治机构进行复垦规划设计。本文对这些填海规划设计的效果进行了如下研究：(1)农田地形与土壤侵蚀的关系十分明显。凹凸表面的地形分散了雨水的流失，减少了土壤的侵蚀。另一方面，凹形地形将径流集中在底部场地，加剧了底部场地的土壤侵蚀。因此，野外施工设计应采用凸形地貌。(2)围堰、淤塞堰、浅V型断面草皮水道等野外设施对防治表层土壤侵蚀是有效的。它们有大量的径流水，可以吸收很多淤积的土壤，而不会埋在其中。此外，这些都是用成本较低的方法规划和建造的。(3)随着复垦年限的增加，农田降水蓄积量增加。这种增加是由于田间土层入渗量的增加，随着作物根系形成的气孔和土壤干燥形成的裂缝而增加。此外，表土修整有助于增加降雨截留。(1)分级地貌和制度与普通农田相似，取得了较好的效果。在复垦过程中，未发现塌陷、侵蚀和水污染现象。(2)表土修整栽培简称为铺苗床，用推土机而不是拖拉机来压种。但通过土壤改良和施肥可以获得良好的产量和品质。(3)根据实验区划的实际情况考察了草地表层土壤的硬度。