Improvement and Trial Manufacture of Microelectrophoresis Instrument in Conformity with Neutral Papermaking

1. 在微电泳中观察到的粒子速度分布曲线在细胞中心周围是不对称的，这是由于粒子的沉降导致上下细胞壁之间的电特性不同。传统的测量方法只在较高的平稳水平上进行，往往会导致严重的误差。如果不可避免地以水平排列方式使用电池，则颗粒浓度必须尽可能低。虽然细胞的横向排列在原理上是理想的，但在常规的显微镜照射下，它比水平排列有更大的对流扰动。3 .采用传热反射可见光的冷镜和吸热透射可见光的冷滤光片对对流有明显的抑制作用。用这些镜面和滤光片制成了显微镜，这是一种很好的测量粒子电泳速度的仪器。该装置具有恒流源、电极极性自动转换、温度自动读出等功能，并配有zeta电位计算微机。利用电视摄像机和阴极射线管测量zeta电位比较方便，但在常规照明下难以区分焦平面上的粒子和前后的粒子。当采用高分辨率相机和暗背景照明的显微镜时，可以很好地测量粒子的运动，结果的精度大大提高。

1. The distribution curves of observed particle velocities in microelectrophoresis were found to be asymmetrical about the cell center because the electrical characters between upper and lower cell walls differed from each other through the sedimentation of particles. The conventional method in which the measurements are carried out just at the upper stationary level often results in a serious error. If it is unavoidable to use the cell in a horizontal arrangement, the particle concentration must be as low as possible.2. Although the lateral arrangement of cell is ideal in principle, it has more convective disturbance than the horizontal arrangement under the conventional microscope illumunation.3. The convection was considerably inhibited by the use of cold-mirror which transmits the heat and reflects the visible light, and cold-filter which absorbs the heat and transmits the visible light.4. The microscope with these mirror and filter was made and this was a good devices for measuring the electrophoretic velocities of particles.5. The apparatus equipped with constant current source, automatic polarity conversion of electrode, automatic temperature read-off function etc. and also microcomputer for calculation of zeta potencial was made.6. TV camera and CRT are conveniently applied for measurements of zeta potential, but it was difficult to distinguish the particles at the focal plane from the back and forth particles under a conventional illumination. When a high resolution camera and a dark background illumination for microscope were employed, the measurements of particle movement were well done and the accuracy of a result was improved very much.