Studies on the determination of blood groups from small amounts of bloodstains by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).

应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)或亲和素生物素-生物素复合体(ABC)酶联免疫吸附试验(ELFA)检测唾液、血迹和指甲中的ABH或Lewis血型，结果如下。结论：1.微量非分泌性唾液的ABH组，虽然不是通过传统的吸收抑制试验确定的，但用本方法进行了准确的分型。用抗Lea和抗Leb的单抗建立的酶联免疫吸附试验可确定血痕的Lewis分型。大约1毫克的污渍就足以对每一种Lewis物质进行可靠的分型。建立了ELFA程序。用这种方法，大约0.1毫克的血迹就足以对每个Lewis抗原进行分型。用双抗体夹心法对沙利伐他汀进行Lewis分型。Le(a-b+)型唾液中Lea物质的分泌比例各不相同，但Leb物质的分泌水平高于Lea抗原。同样，在Le(a+b-)型唾液酸脂中也得到了相同的结果。Le(a-b-)型唾液中两种Lea-Leb物质的水平均低于其他两种类型。因此，通过测量2到3个点的连续两倍唾液稀释度，很容易确定Lewis分型。很明显，钉子里含有刘易斯物质。然而，刘易斯物质的水平并不反映相应红细胞的水平。用该方法对血痕中的MN血型进行了检测，但结果不理想。这可能归因于所使用的抗体。建立了血型测定自动化软件，利用该软件只需3~4分钟即可准确读取数据。

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) or enzyme-linked fluoroimmunosorbent assay(ELFA) with an avidin-biotin complex(ABC) was applied to the determination of ABH or Lewis blood group from salivas, Bloodstains and nails, and the results were as follows.1. ABH group of small amounts of non-secretion salivas was typed precisely by the present ELISA, although that of those was not determined by a conventional absorption inhibition test.2. The Lewis typing of bloodstains could be determined by the ELISA using monoclonal anti-Lea and anti-leb antibodies. About 1 mg of the stains was enough to type each Lewis substance reliably.3. The ELFA procedure was established. About 0.1 mg of the bloodstains was enough to type each Lewis antigen by this method.4. The Lewis typing of Salivastains was done by the ELISA. Although Lea substance in Le(a-b+)type saliva was secreted in various ratios, the level of Leb substance was superior to that of Lea antigen. Likewise, the same results in Le(a+b-)type salivastains were obtained. The level of both Lea Leb substances in Le(a-b-)type salivastains was always low compared to that of the other two types. The Lewis typing, therefore, was determined easily by measuring 2 to 3 points of serial two-fold saliva dilutions.5. It was evident taht nails contain the Lewis substances. However, the level of the Lewis substances did not reflex that of the corresponding erythrocytes.6. MN blood typing in bloodstains was also tested by the ELISA, but satisfactory results were not obtained. This may be attributed to the antibodies used.7. A software was established to automate the determination of blood grouping; it took only 3 to 4 min to read the data precisely by using this software.