"MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OF NEURO-MUSCULAR ACTION POTENTIALS OF THE HUMAN FOR DIRECT VOLUNTARY CONTROL OF THE FES SYSTEM".

多通道功能电刺激（FES）是近年来公认的一种有效的、临床上有用的恢复上肢和下肢运动功能的方法。严重残疾的四肢瘫痪患者。我们的多通道FES系统可以恢复手部和肘部的功能。FES系统的发展已经取得了很大的进步，但我们必须解决一个很大的问题，即检测来自患者的可靠的自主控制信号。利用生物信号（骨骼肌肌电信号或神经干神经冲动）作为指令信号是一种理想的选择。在本研究项目中，开发了一种用于生物信号检测的低噪声电极和一种生物相容性皮肤按钮（馈通）。我们测量了细金属电极噪声性能的基本特性，即测量到的等效噪声电阻与电极实部阻抗的比较。从这些实验中，我们可以制定设计规则，以获得低噪声的细电极。我们还通过对电极的测量证实了预测的噪声性能。含有SiC晶须增强CaO-P_2-SiO_2组分（简称CPS-SiC）的结晶玻璃（或玻璃陶瓷）和类似的新材料（MAS、CPSA）是具有生物相容性和生物活性的材料。这些材料的机械强度和断裂韧性远高于最近用作带孔蒙皮扣的烧结羟基磷灰石。因此，很容易为电极穿过这些材料制成的皮肤按钮打小孔。通过动物实验和培养细胞实验研究其基本特性。除了这些特性外，这些材料还表现出适当的电特性，作为电刺激（FES）的参考电极。

Multichannel Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has been recently accepted as an efficient and clinically useful method for restoration of motor function of paralyzed upper and lower extremities. In severely disabled quadriplegic patients. both hand and elbow functions could be restored by our multichannel FES system. Big progress has been realized in the development of the FES system, but we must solve a big problem i.e. detection of the reliable voluntary control signals from the patient. It is desirable to get biological signals ( EMGs from skeletal muscles or nerve impulses from nerve trunk ) as command signals.In this research project, a low noise electrode for biological signal detection and a biocompatible skin button(feed-through) were developed. We measured basic characteristics of the noise performance of the fine metal electrodes, i.e. comparison between measured equivalent noise resistance and real-part of the electrode impedance. From these experiments, we could make design rule to obtain a low-noise fine electrode. We also confirmed the predicted noise performance by the measurement of the electrode. Crystalized-glass (or glass-ceramic) with components of CaO-P_2-SiO_2 reinforced with SiC whisker (CPS-SiC in abbreviation) and similar new materials (MAS, CPSA) are biocompatible and bioactive materials. The mechanical strength and fracture toughness of these materials are much higher than those of sintered hydroxyapatite which was recently used as a skin button with a hole. Therefore it is easy to make tiny holes for the electrodes going through the skin button made of these materials. Basic characteristics were investigated by animal experiments and cultured cell experiments. In addition to these properties, these materials showed appropriate electrical characteristics as reference electrodes for electrical stimulation(FES).