Elucidation of bioavailability and anticancer property of momilactones and natural anticancer compounds isolated from rice

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The cytotoxic mechanism of momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) against blood cancer cell lines including acute promyelocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma were clarified. Of which, According to MTT results, MB and the mixture MAB (1:1, w/w) show a substantial inhibition on the cell viability of HL-60 and U266, with IC50 ranging from 4.49 to 5.59 uM. Besides, MB and MAB at 5 uM inhibit HL-60 cells through the regulations of relevant proteins to apoptosis-inducing factors (p-38, BCL-2, and caspase-3) and cell cycle arrest at G2 phase (p-38, CDK1, and cyclin B1). Meanwhile, these compounds enhance U266 apoptosis by altering p-38, BCL-2, and caspase-3 signaling pathways. Significantly, momilactones exhibit a minor effect on a non-cancerous cell line (MeT-5A), implying that they are promising candidates for developing novel anti-APL and anti-MM medicines. The results were published on Cancers. In addition, the effects of in vitro digestion on anti-blood cancer and bioaccessibility of MA and MB were investigated. Results reveal that the cytotoxic activities of MB and MAB were dramatically decreased. In addtition, the bioaccessibility of momilactones was significantly reduced (from 28.44% to 75.14%) which was strongly correlated with their decreased cytotoxicity under digestion. The findings were presented at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry (日本農芸化学会2023年度大会), Online meeting, March 2023.