Direct synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) hydrogenated derivatives from fructose by designing multifunctional tandem catalysts

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The formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) hydrogenated derivatives through direct transformation of fructose is essential for green and sustainable utilization of biomass. Last year, various metal-supported catalysts were synthesized and evaluated for the activities to hydrogenation of HMF. Cu/SiO2 catalyst, compared to other noble metals, showed high selectivity towards the hydrogenation of C=O bonds but leaving C-OH unchanged, producing 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) as the main products. Furthermore, the modification of Cu/SiO2 by FeOx, which promoted the dispersion of Cu active sites on the catalyst surface, greatly improved the hydrogenation activity with 99% BHMF formation at 99% HMF conversion under mild conditions.