Gottfried Benn, the Jewry and the 'Constructive Spirit'

戈特弗里德·本、犹太人和“建设性精神”

• 批准号: 409904018
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Marcus Hahn
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft II
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/409904018?language=en
• 关键词: Gottfried; Benn; Jewry; Constructive; Spirit

The enigma surrounding the expressionist Gottfried Benn, his advocacy of National Socialism in the years 1933–34 and consequentially his failed attempt to pursue a career in the Third Reich, has long been a source of bewilderment and is still in need of a coherent explanation. There is sufficient reason to assume that an explanation of Benn’s NS-engagement might provide a key: a key to his further life and works, for an understanding of ‘inner emigration’ and for the post-war era. The proposed research wants to solve the enigma of Benn’s National Socialist engagement and disengagement by means of a philological reconstruction of his direct sources, falling into the fields of history of science, the history of the social sciences and intellectual history. So far, these sources have not been considered or have been only insufficiently considered. The proposed project will therefore make a highly important contribution to literary history, going well beyond the current state of research. Following a systematic analysis of Benn’s reference library, archived in the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, the research proposal conceptualizes, for the first time, the author’s pledge of allegiance to Hitler’s ‘total’ state as a result of Benn’s projective procedures of ‘judaization’ and ‘de-judaization.’ This terminology refers to an identification of someone or something with a ‘Jewish’ alter ego or resp. the attempt to fend of such an identification. These projective procedures will be investigated in three areas of research, covering the years from 1930 to 1956. The goal is first of all to explain the events of the years 1933–34. At the same time, however, the project will take a larger aim and research Benn’s mediating function for West German post-war literature. For this purpose it is necessary to follow the motif of the ‘constructive spirit.’ Benn develops this changing motif around 1930 in discussions surrounding the discursive mixture of Jewish esotericism and an anti-Semitically grounded approach to the new physics and mathematics (first area of research). Moreover, it is necessary to research two further paradigmatic debates of modern culture: the German discussion of ‘Americanism’ (second area of research) and the political primitivism of theorists Oskar Goldberg and Julius Evola (third area of research). The clarification of the meaning of Benn’s ‘constructive spirit’ according to the varying historical constellations in which it was situated will help to generate a synthesis of all three areas of research. This synthesis in turn will be instrumental for a far-reaching revision of our very idea of Benn’s late work, that is, the work of a paradigmatic protagonist of the German-language classical modernity.

表现主义画家戈特弗里德·本恩（Gottfried Benn）在1933- 1934年间对国家社会主义的拥护，以及后来他在第三赖希谋求职业生涯的失败，长期以来一直是令人困惑的根源，至今仍需要一个连贯的解释。我们有足够的理由假设，对本恩的NS参与的解释可能提供一把钥匙：一把钥匙，通向他以后的生活和作品，理解“内心移民”和战后时代。本文拟从科学史、社会科学史和思想史的角度，通过对本恩的直接资料的文献学重建，来解开本恩与国家社会主义的接触与脱离之谜。到目前为止，这些来源尚未得到考虑，或者只是没有得到充分考虑。因此，拟议的项目将对文学史做出非常重要的贡献，远远超出目前的研究状况。在系统分析了本恩的参考图书馆（存档于德国文学档案馆马尔巴赫）之后，研究计划首次概念化了作者对希特勒“全面”国家效忠的誓言，这是本恩“犹太化”和“去犹太化”的投射程序的结果。这个术语指的是某人或某物与“犹太人”的另一个自我或另一个自我的认同。试图避免这种认同。这些投射程序将在三个研究领域进行调查，涵盖1930年至1956年。我们的目标首先是解释1933年至1934年的事件。但同时，本项目也将把研究的目标放得更远，研究本恩对西德战后文学的中介作用。为此目的，必须遵循“建设性精神”的主题。本恩在1930年左右的讨论中发展了这种不断变化的主题，讨论围绕着犹太密宗和反犹太主义的新物理学和数学方法（第一个研究领域）的话语混合。此外，有必要研究现代文化的两个进一步的范式辩论：德国对“美国主义”的讨论（第二个研究领域）和理论家奥斯卡·戈德堡和朱利叶斯·埃弗拉的政治原始主义（第三个研究领域）。澄清本恩的“建设性精神”的含义，根据不同的历史星座，它位于将有助于产生一个综合的所有三个领域的研究。这种综合反过来又将有助于对我们对本恩晚期作品的看法进行深远的修正，即本恩是德语古典现代性的典型主角。