Ancient Codes of Medical Deontology

该项目的重点是研究医学伦理，特别是古希腊罗马时代的医学道义论。基于对属于所谓希波克拉底语料库的论文的基础性文本调查，该项目将重建古代规范医患关系的伦理规则的基本方面。该项目的创新之处在于它结合了深入的文本-语言学分析和对关键资料的历史解释调查--到目前为止，这些资料在很大程度上被忽视了。这些来源是希波克拉底的论文Testamentum，Praecepta，de Decenti Habu和de Medico，可以被解释为西方医学史上第一个适当的道义密码。它们可能是为医科学生设计的，收集行为规则、床边礼仪和医生礼仪。该项目将解决这些来源不断向现代读者提出的几个关键和具有挑战性的问题：这些道义密码是如何起源的？是什么文化、社会和哲学原因导致了他们的编辑？最后，是什么具体标准导致了这些道德规范的选择、系统化和随着时间的推移而传递？在我对希波克拉底道义论文本的研究中，我将采用三种截然不同但相互补充的方法：a)文本批评方法，它将提供两篇论文的可靠批评版本，这两篇论文仍然需要严格的文献学工作(de Decenti Habu和de Medo)；b)从共时的角度来看，将在与其他古代文学和金石学来源的对话中审视四篇关于医学道义论的希波克拉底论文(Testamentum，Praecepta，de Decenti Habu和de Medico)；C)从历时的角度看历史方法，它将考察希波克拉底道义论在古代晚期和中世纪早期的接受情况，特别关注早于萨勒诺医学院并与希波克拉底四篇论文显示出显著相似之处的拉丁道义论著作。

The project focuses on the study of medical ethics and, in particular, medical deontology in Greco-Roman antiquity. Based on a foundational textual investigation of treatises belonging to the so-called Hippocratic Corpus, the project will reconstruct essential aspects of the ethical rules that regulated the relationship between physicians and patients in antiquity. The innovative character of the project lies in its combination of an in-depth textual-philological analysis with a historical-interpretive investigation of key sources that - up to now - have been largely neglected. These sources are the Hippocratic treatises Testamentum, Praecepta, De decenti habitu and De medico, which can be interpreted as the first proper deontological codes in the history of Western medicine. Probably intended for students of medicine, they collect rules of behaviour, bedside manners and etiquette for physicians. The project will address several crucial and challenging questions that these sources continually pose to modern readers: how did these deontological codes originate? What were the cultural, social and philosophical reasons that led to their redaction? And, lastly, what were the specific criteria that led to the selection, systematisation and transmission of these ethical norms through time? I will adopt three distinct, yet complementary approaches in my investigation of the Hippocratic deontological texts: a) a text-critical approach, which will provide reliable critical editions of the two treatises that still require a rigorous philological work (De decenti habitu and De medico); b) a historical approach from a synchronic perspective, which will look at the four Hippocratic treatises on medical deontology (Testamentum, Praecepta, De decenti habitu and De medico) in dialogue with other ancient literary and epigraphic sources; c) a historical approach from a diachronic perspective, which will look at the reception of the Hippocratic deontology in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, with special attention to Latin deontological writings that predate the Medical School of Salerno and show significant similarities with the four Hippocratic treatises.