伝統的工法に基づく洪水減災対策にみられる地形プロセスの定量的評価

基于传统施工方法的防洪措施观测地形过程定量评价

• 批准号: 26905001
• 负责人: 青木 朋子
• 金额: $ 0.38万
• 依托单位: 東京女学館
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Scientists
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26905001/
• 关键词: 水害防備林; 輪中; 自然堤防

霞堤や水害防備林, 輪中などは地域社会と河川が共生する視点に立脚した伝統的氾濫許容型治水システムである. このシステムでは地域住民の理解と, 地域社会による維持管理が必要である.本研究では, 豪雨災害からの復興にあたって河川の地形変容プロセスを定量化し, 伝統的治水工法の地形プロセスに与える影響、地域防災に与える影響を再評価した. 水害防備林は構築後の地形プロセスと対応し治水機能をより発達させる事例が確認され, 地形条件, 河川プロセスの異なる諸河川において, 伝統的治水構造物の実態と地形プロセスと治水機能を発達させる条件との関係を比較検討した. 水害防備林内の氾濫堆積物の粒度組成と堆積構造から, 水害防備林の洪水制御機能を評価する手法を使用し, 空中写真判読と現地調査による水害地形分類図作成とあわせ, 伝統的治水工法の立地環境と, 災害後の地形変容を明らかにした.調査地域は, 茨城県久慈川, 福井県足羽川, 宮崎県北川, 秋田県雄物川, 三重県熊野川水系相野谷川, 奈良県木津川, 山梨県釜無川である. 久慈川は自然堤防が水害防備林立地により、さらに発達していることが地形測量により明らかとなった. 木津川, 釜無川では, 近年災害が起きていないために住民意識が薄れつつあるが, 伝統的治水工法をとりいれた啓蒙活動を地域単位でおこなっている. 宮崎県北川の激特事業は伝統的治水工法が採用され, 築堤後も生かされている. その一方で, 福井豪雨災害からの復旧で, 伝統的治水工法はほぼ消滅した. 水防災対策特定河川事業施行で, 氾濫の許容を前提とした熊野川の相野谷輪中堤, 雄物川では東北地方初の輪中堤が築堤されたが, 相野谷川輪中は2011年被災, 輪中堤が被害拡大を招いた可能性もある. 大規模水制の設置に伴い, 地域住民の防災に対する意識は減退する傾向が強く, 氾濫許容型を採用する新河川法は, 災害意識を向上させる点にも意義があることが再確認された.

Xia embankment flood prevention forest, in the middle of the river community, the river symbiosis point, the water storage capacity type of the water control system, the river symbiosis point, and the flood control system. It is important to ensure that the residents of the region understand and that it is necessary for the regional society to maintain management. In this study, torrential rain, heavy rain, torrential rain, heavy rain, heavy rain After the establishment of the water disaster prevention and control forest structure, the water control machine can verify the situation, the topographic conditions, the river flood, the river flood, the systematic water control equipment, and the water control machine can meet the environmental conditions and conditions. The active material particle size of the water disaster prevention equipment is composed of the water disaster prevention forest, the flood control machine of the water disaster prevention forest and the flood control machine can use the flood control technique, and the aerial photo is used to determine the classification of the water hazard topography, the systematic water control method and the site environment, and the capacity of the terrain after the disaster. Ibaraki Tatsukawa, Ibaraki Hisukawa, Fukui Yukawa, Sasaki Beichuan, Akita Toshikawa, Triple Kumagawa Kumagawa, Nara Takagawa, Yamanashi Takagawa, Yamanashi Kobukawa. The natural embankment in Jiucichuan is covered with water disaster prevention equipment, and the site is covered with water disaster prevention equipment. Mujinchuan, Wuchuan, in recent years, the public opinion has been affected by the public opinion, and the systematic water control law has affected the activity of the region. The water control method of the Kushiro-Beichuan special business system was used to control the water, and it was born after the embankment. On the other hand, the torrential rain in Fukui caused damage to the old buildings, and the traditional water control methods were in good condition. The water defense policy will be carried out in a specific river project, and on the premise that the Kumano river will be cut in the middle embankment, Xiongwuchuan will reach the middle embankment in the northern part of the city, and the middle embankment in Xiono Tanagawa will be killed in 2011, and the possibility of being killed in the middle embankment will be greatly affected. The large-scale model water system equipment is equipped with the equipment, and the local residents' awareness of prevention and control is reduced to the strength of the system, and the new river method is used for the capacity of the system, which means that the information is not available.