SFB 1412: Register: Language-Users’ Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation

CRC1412语域：语言使用者的情景-功能变异知识调查了一种语言使用者的语域知识的各个方面。有能力的说话者可以在每个语言层面上调整自己的语言行为，以应对当前的情况：情景和功能参数，如话语的目的，说话人和听话人之间的关系，或模式(等等)，负责词汇选择，如母亲和母亲之间的比例，隐喻的比例，句子的复杂程度，篇章的组织方式，甚至德语第一人称单数动词中schwa结尾的比例。在多语言环境中，情景参数往往会影响语言的选择。因此，我们关注的是个体内部的语言变异。在语域研究的第一阶段，我们使用并扩展了语料库语言学和实验法，仔细研究了情景参数和功能参数及其对特定语言参数的影响。我们发现语域效应是普遍存在的，但我们发现语言水平之间存在有趣的差异。在第一阶段许多引人入胜的发现的基础上，第二阶段的重点是将这种语域变异整合到语法、语言习得、语言处理和语言变化的模式中。一些语域知识是很早就获得的--即使是相对年幼的儿童，他们的语言行为也会适应不同的情景--但与此同时，语域知识会在整个生命周期中变化和扩展(特别是，但不仅是在正式语域的情况下)。为了能够表现出自己的语域得体，并理解他人的语域得体行为，演讲者一方面必须知道哪种选择(妈妈/妈妈，大约8点/7点49分，我笑了，等等)。是可用的，另一方面，了解哪些情景和功能参数有利于哪些替代方案。这两个方面都会随着时间的推移而变化，因此语域也必须被认为是语言变化的一个重要因素。总而言之，《儿童权利公约》的目标是在所有语言层面、不同语言和语言阶段的一系列现象上，模拟语言语域知识和语法知识的各个方面。为此，我们将整合语言模型、形式模型和统计模型。

The CRC 1412 Register: Language Users’ Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation investigates aspects of the register knowledge of the speakers of a language. Competent speakers can adapt their linguistic behavior on every linguistic level in response to the current situation: Situational and functional parameters such as the purpose of an utterance, the relationship between speaker and hearer, or the mode (among many others) are responsible for lexical choices such as the one between mom and mother, the proportion of metaphors, the complexity of sentences, the way a text is organized, or even the proportion of schwa endings in German 1st person singular verbs. In multilingual situations, situational parameters often influence the choice of language. We are thus concerned with intraindividual linguistic variation. In Phase I of CRC Register, we used and expanded corpus-linguistic and experimental methods to carefully investigate situational and functional parameters and their influence on specific linguistic parameters. We found register effects to be pervasive but saw interesting differences between the linguistic levels. Building on the many and fascinating findings from Phase I, the focus of Phase II is on the integration of such register variation in models of grammar, language acquisition, language processing, and language change. Some register knowledge is acquired early—even relatively young children adapt their linguistic behavior to different situations—but at the same time, register knowledge changes and expands over the entire lifespan (especially, but not only, in the case of formal registers). In order to be able to behave register-appropriately themselves and to understand register-appropriate behavior in others, speakers must, on the one hand, know which alternatives (mom/mother, around 8 o’clock/7:49 am, ich lache/ich lach ‚I laugh‘, etc.) are available and, on the other, understand which situational and functional parameters favor which alternative. Both aspects can change over time, such that register must also be recognized as an essential factor in language change. In sum, the CRC aims to model aspects of linguistic register knowledge, together with grammatical knowledge, on a range of phenomena on all linguistic levels, and in diverse languages and language stages. To that end, we will integrate verbal models, formal models, and statistical models.