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山地源流域における降雨流出過程および水質形成過程の一般化に関する研究

山区水源区降雨径流过程及水质形成过程的概括研究

基本信息

批准号：
09780134
负责人：
辻村真貴
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Aichi University of Education
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

本研究は,山地源流域における降雨流出および水質形成機構に関して,多くの流域に対して適用可能な経験則を得ることを最終目的としている.本研究ではとくに流域の場の条件に注目し,降雨流出および水質形成過程に及ぼす場の条件の影響を明らかにすることによって,上記の研究目的を達成しようと考えている.研究対象として,大起伏山地である長野県天竜川支流の小渋川源流および与田切川源流を選定した.小渋川源流域は中古生層の堆積岩からなり,与田切川源流域は花崗岩からなる.本年度はおもに,これまでに得られたデータの解析を行なった.その結果,降雨流出過程に伴う水の水素・酸素安定同位体比の変動データから,小渋川流域における地中水の平均滞留時間は,与田切川流域におけるそれに比較し,より長いことが示唆された.また,小渋川流域における河川流出水の大部分が,降雨時・無降雨時に関わらず,基盤岩中を浸透した地中水成分によって形成されていることが,水の無機イオン濃度データから示された.一方,与田切川流域における河川流出水は,斜面土層中を比較的速やかに浸透してきた地中水成分と,基盤岩中を浸透した地中水成分の混合によって形成されていることが示された.その成分比は,季節によって異なり,流量の多い時期ほど,河川流出水中に占める基盤岩浸透水の割合が高いことが示唆された.以上,水の質的な情報から得られた結論は,河川流出特性,地中水の挙動等の物理的なデータから示唆される結論とも調和的であった.本研究の結果,大起伏斜面からなる山地流域では,降雨流出および水質形成過程において基盤岩中を浸透する地中水が重要な役割を占めていることが示された.従来,降雨流出に関する研究では,土層中の地中水の挙動が重要視され,基盤岩中の地中水はほとんど無視されていた.本研究の結果は,山地流域の降雨流出および水質形成機構研究に新たな視点を提供するものである.

In this study, the formation mechanism of rainfall outflow from the mountain source basin is very serious, and the most important purpose is to use the possible rainfall in the mountain source watershed. In this study, the field conditions of the watershed are very noticeable, the process of rainfall outflow and the formation of rainfall conditions are obvious, and the purpose of the study is to improve the accuracy of the study. The study shows that there are great ups and downs in the mountains, the tributaries of Nagano and Tian Tian, the sources and flows of small rivers, and the sources and flows of Tian-cut rivers. The middle Paleozoic rocks in the Xiaomi Chuanyuan basin and the floral rocks in the Tian cut Chuanyuan basin. In the current year, we will be able to analyze the data in the current year. The results showed that the rainfall outflow process was accompanied by the isotope ratio of water, acid and diazepam, and the average retention time of water in the watershed was compared with that in the Tian Cechuan watershed. As a result, most of the outflow from the rivers in the Xiaoyuanchuan basin is very low, and there are frequent fluctuations when it rains, and the components of the reclaimed water in the bedrock soak through the earth to form a warm weather, and the water supply is free of machine temperature. On the one hand, compared with the water flowing out of the river in the Tian Cechuan basin, the water in the slope soil is saturated with the water in the earth, and the composition of the water in the bedrock is mixed to form the water mixture. The ratio of temperature composition, season season, season season, flow rate and river outflow rate show that the bedrock is saturated with water, and the high temperature is high. Above, the characteristics of river outflow, the movement of water in the earth, and so on, have been proved to be effective in the analysis of water quality. The results of this study show that the mountain basin is affected by a large undulating slope, and the rainfall flows out of the mountain watershed to form a process in which the ground reclaimed water is soaked in the bedrock. In recent years, the rainfall has flowed out of the soil, the water in the soil and the water in the soil is very important, and the water in the bedrock is not affected. The results of this study show that the research on the formation mechanism of rainfall outflow from mountain watersheds provides information on the formation mechanism of rainfall outflow from mountainous watersheds.