Quantum dynamics of impurities with long-range impurity-bath interactions

本研究项目旨在开发新的理论工具，用于简并原子量子气体中具有远距离杂质-浴相互作用的量子杂质的非平衡动力学。两个特殊的和实验相关的杂质浴系统将被考虑：在超冷气体中捕获离子；偶极费米海中的偶极杂质。后者的杂质-槽相互作用的强各向异性特征代表了杂质物理学中很大程度上未被探索的性质。为此，量子光学方法（如主方程）和凝聚态方法（如图解技术）将结合起来，为开放多体量子系统提供一种新的强大机制。两个主要的科学问题将通过这种量子杂质的混合非平衡描述来解决：杂质的内部和运动自由度的短期和长期动力学；碱液诱导的杂质间配对和纠缠产生的相互作用。虽然提议的研究是理论上的，但可以预见与实验家的密切合作。因此，该项目将为研究固体物理中杂质问题的量子模拟器的发展和当前前沿实验研究提供强有力的贡献。

This research project aims at developing novel theory tools for the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum impurities in degenerate atomic quantum gases with long-range impurity-bath interactions. Two particular and experimental relevant impurity-bath systems will be considered: trapped ions in an ultracold gas; dipolar impurities in a dipolar Fermi sea. The strong anisotropic character of the impurity-bath interaction of the latter represents a property largely unexplored in impurity physics. To this end, quantum optical approaches like master equations and condensed-matter methods such as diagrammatic techniques will be combined in order to afford a new powerful machinery for open many-body quantum systems. Two main scientific questions will be addressed with such hybrid out-of-equilibrium description of quantum impurities: the short- and long-time dynamics of the impurity’s internal and motional degrees of freedom; bath-induced interactions between impurities for pairing and entanglement generation. While the proposed study is theoretical, close collaboration with experimentalists is foreseen. Hence, this project will provide a strong contribution to the development of quantum simulators for the investigation of the impurity problem in solid-state physics and to current cutting-edge experimental research.