Mechanisms underlying flexible task choice: Understanding context and reward effects

灵活任务选择的机制：理解背景和奖励效应

• 批准号: 423229271
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Gesine Dreisbach
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Psychologie II (Allgemeine Psychologie II)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/423229271?language=en
• 关键词: Mechanisms; underlying; flexible; task; choice

Goal directed behavior in a constantly changing environment requires a dynamic balance between two antagonistic modes of control: on the one hand, goals need to be maintained and shielded from distraction (stability), and, on the other hand, goals need to be relaxed and flexibly updated whenever significant changes occur (flexibility). To investigate the flexible modulation of task choice, we will use the voluntary task switching paradigm. In the first part of the project, we will investigate the mechanisms underlying the context effect, which describes the observation that humans switch more often voluntarily when they are in a context of frequent forced choices. The second part of the project will be devoted to the question why humans switch more often to a different task when reward prospect increases and why they show more stable behavior when reward prospect remains unchanged. To answer these questions, we will rely on behavioral measures (task choice, reaction times, error rates, and subjective effort costs), pupillometry (to measure effort and arousal) and electrophysiological correlates of preparatory activity. The overarching goal is to deepen our understanding how context and motivation impact flexible task choice.

在不断变化的环境中，目标导向的行为需要在两种对立的控制模式之间保持动态平衡：一方面，目标需要保持和屏蔽分心（稳定性），另一方面，目标需要放松，并在发生重大变化时灵活更新（灵活性）。为了考察任务选择的灵活调节，我们将使用自愿任务转换范式。在该项目的第一部分，我们将研究背景效应的机制，它描述了人类在频繁被迫选择的背景下更经常自愿切换的观察结果。该项目的第二部分将致力于研究为什么当奖励前景增加时，人类更频繁地切换到不同的任务，以及为什么当奖励前景保持不变时，他们表现出更稳定的行为。为了回答这些问题，我们将依靠行为测量（任务选择，反应时间，错误率和主观努力成本），瞳孔测量（测量努力和唤醒）和准备活动的电生理相关性。总体目标是加深我们对背景和动机如何影响灵活任务选择的理解。