Reconstructing paleoenvironments of highland societies in Iran from sedimentary records of Holocene climate change and landscape evolution

根据全新世气候变化和景观演化的沉积记录重建伊朗高原社会的古环境

• 批准号: 424584141
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Martin Kehl
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Isfahan
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/424584141?language=en
• 关键词: Reconstructing; paleoenvironments; highland; societies; Iran

Climate change is a major factor of Holocene landscape evolution affecting the living conditions and land use of premodern societies in the drylands of Iran. The transition zone between the Central Zagros Mountains and the Interior Plateau is characterized by a pronounced climate gradient with mean annual precipitation ranging from c. 500 mm in the mountains to less than 100 mm in terminal depressions. Such semi-arid to arid transition zones may sensitively react on climate change and thus provide promising areas to detect past climate and environmental changes. Our previous investigations in the lower Zayandeh-Rud basin show that pronounced paleoenvironmental changes occurred during the Holocene. In addition, new evidence for human occupation in this desert fringe area is now available. From this, questions emerge on why people settled there and on how they had access to water and other resources. Our Iranian/German project and the SPP 2176 provide an excellent interdisciplinary framework for conducting collaborative research on such topics. We thus see a strong potential to continue and extent our work started during the first phase and elaborate regional analyses of men-environment interactions in the Iranian Highlands. In continuation of the first phase we will collect sediment cores of additional sediment traps (Damaneh Plain and Golpayegan Playa) and analyse these cores using a multi-proxy (granulometry, geochemistry, pollen) and geochronometric (radiocarbon, luminescence) approach. This will allow to detect indicators and deduce phases of climate and environmental change. Comparative investigations will be conducted in the study areas of two collaborating projects of the SPP2176. The magnitudes and timing of climate change deduced from the new and previous results can thus be discussed in different archaeological contexts. A new objective is to analyse environmental change in the Lower Zayandeh-Rud basin. For this purpose, we will investigate the formation and drying of former wetlands, possible shifts of Zayandeh-Rud course, the past activity of the dune field and possible water level changes of Gavkhuni lake. The data obtained will provide information about diachronic changes in the availability of resources (mainly water and vegetation) and about the formation processes of archaeological sites. Overall, the project will improve our understanding of Holocene climate and environmental change in the Iranian Highlands. The close collaboration with archaeologists will allow to draw a clear picture of man-environment interactions in Iranian drylands.

气候变化是影响伊朗干旱区前现代社会生活条件和土地利用的全新世景观演变的主要因素。中部扎格罗斯山脉和内陆高原之间的过渡带具有明显的气候梯度，年平均降水量从山区的约500毫米到末端洼地的不足100毫米。这种半干旱到干旱的过渡带可能对气候变化有敏感的反应，因此为探测过去的气候和环境变化提供了有希望的地区。我们在Zayandeh-Rud盆地下部的研究表明，全新世古环境发生了明显的变化。此外，人类在这片沙漠边缘地区居住的新证据现在也有了。由此产生的问题是，人们为什么在那里定居，以及他们如何获得水和其他资源。我们的伊朗/德国项目和SPP 2176为开展此类主题的合作研究提供了一个极好的跨学科框架。因此，我们认为有很大的潜力可以继续和扩大我们在第一阶段开始的工作，并对伊朗高地的人-环境相互作用进行详细的区域分析。在第一阶段的延续中，我们将收集其他沉积物圈层（Damaneh平原和Golpayegan Playa）的沉积物岩心，并使用多代理（粒度测定、地球化学、花粉）和地球年代学（放射性碳、发光）方法分析这些岩心。这将有助于探测指标并推断气候和环境变化的阶段。将在SPP2176的两个合作项目的研究领域进行比较调查。因此，从新的和以前的结果中推断出的气候变化的幅度和时间可以在不同的考古背景下进行讨论。新的目标是分析Zayandeh-Rud盆地下游的环境变化。为此，我们将研究前湿地的形成和干燥、Zayandeh-Rud河道的可能移动、沙丘场的过去活动以及Gavkhuni湖可能的水位变化。所获得的数据将提供有关资源（主要是水和植被）可得性的历时变化和考古遗址形成过程的资料。总的来说，该项目将提高我们对伊朗高地全新世气候和环境变化的认识。与考古学家的密切合作将有助于绘制出伊朗旱地人与环境相互作用的清晰图景。