Electron beam melting machine

混合增材制造主席于2018年3月1日在鲁尔大学波湛成立。粉末床融合增材制造技术是目前研究的热点之一。由于目前金属材料的可用性有限，而且这些制造工艺的发展相对较早，因此面向生产的定制材料设计（材料设计）和工艺稳定性是研究的前景。电子束熔化系统是一种能够将金属粉末材料熔化并固化成致密构件的主要研究仪器。这个系统最初将总共处理四个项目。由于平行提交的提案涵盖了激光束熔化系统，因此项目分为电子束特定主题和相关主题。鉴定新材料的方法，例如，通过电子束熔化工艺处理难熔金属。这些材料的特点是高耐热性和耐腐蚀性以及高强度和硬度。对这些材料进行常规加工是很难实现的。然而，电子束熔化在处理难熔金属方面具有很大的潜力。基于传感器的原位工艺优化方法可以更好地理解构建过程中的物理现象和温度梯度。这是由机器内部的过程监控系统的实现来保证的。采用真空高温过程管理的方法，研究了不同温度应用和能量来源对电子束和激光束熔化过程的影响。由于温度水平和真空环境的可比性，这两种主要的研究设备都允许对材料特性进行比较。分析各自的微观结构作为组件中温度分布的函数代表了该项目的目的。混合组件制造方法结合了这两种相关的制造技术。在电子束熔化底座上生产激光束熔化部分（反之亦然）导致关于混合工件生成的知识显著增加。因此，对断面和接头进行微观组织分析是必要的。本项目的实施对电子束枪的性能、过程控制、建室、软硬件兼容性等方面都有具体的技术要求。所提出的电子束熔化系统在概念上非常适合研究，并且作为唯一的装置满足了期望的标准。

The chair of Hybrid Additive Manufacturing was founded at the Ruhr University Bo-chum on March 1, 2018. One research focus is the powder bed fusion based additive manufacturing technology. Due to the currently limited availability of metallic materials and the comparatively early stage of development of these manufacturing processes, the production-oriented design of tailor-made materials (material design) on the one hand and process stability on the other hand are in the foreground of research.An electron beam melting system is applied as a major research instrumentation, which is able to melt and consolidate metallic powder materials to a dense component. In total, four projects will initially be addressed with this system. Due to the parallel-submitted proposal covering a laser beam melting system, the projects are divided into electron beam specific and correlating topics.The methodology for qualifying new materials addresses, for example, the processing of refractory metals by the electron beam melting process. These materials are charac-terized by a high resistance to heat and corrosion as well as high strength and hardness. A conventional processing of these materials is difficult to realize. However, electron beam melting has a high potential for processing refractory metals. The methodology for a sensor-based in-situ process optimization leads to a bet-ter understanding of phys-ical phenomena and temperature gradients during the build process. This is secured by an implementation of process monitoring systems inside of the machine.The method of vacuum high-temperature process management is used to investigate the influence of differing temperature application and energy source on the electron and laser beam melting process. Both major research devices allow a comparison of mate-rial properties due to the comparable temperature level and the vacuum environment. The analysis of the respective microstructure as a function of the temperature distribu-tion in the component represents the aim of the project.The methodology for a hybrid component manufacturing combines both related manu-facturing technologies. The production of a laser beam melted section on an electron beam melted base (and vice versa) leads to a significant gain in knowledge with regard to a hybrid workpiece generation. Thus, the microstructural analysis of both sections and the analysis of the joint is necessary. The implementation of the project requires specific technical requirements for the per-formance of the electron beam gun, process control and building chamber, as well as hardware and software compatibility. The proposed electron beam melting system is conceptually very well suited for the research and fulfills as the only plant the desired criteria.