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高齢者の転倒を防ぐ-身体能力と運動認知能力の関連-

预防老年人跌倒-身体能力与运动认知能力的关系-

基本信息

批准号：
17650206
负责人：
車谷洋
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Hiroshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

本研究は,高齢者の転倒を予防するために,身体運動能力だけでなく高齢者特有の認知を視野に入れ,運動と認知が相互にどのように影響し合い,転倒へと結びついてしまうのか,という問題の一端を理解することを目的とした実験的研究である.前年度までに,運動認知を測定する運動課題は跨ぐ動作,運動認知の評価にはアフォーダンスの知覚を用いることが,研究遂行上安全かつ簡便に評価が可能であると分かった.よって,本年度は,跨ぐ動作時の身体運動能力と運動認知との関連を定量的に調査した.対象は地域在住高齢者とし,過去一年間の転倒の有無,転倒恐怖感,身体バランス能力,前頭葉機能,足趾筋力,重心動揺などを測定した.また,跨ぐことが可能であると判断する最大の高さ(推定値)と実際に跨ぐことが可能な最大の高さ(実測値)を距離にて評価した.さらに,この推定値と実測値を除して,認知誤差率を算出した.認知誤差率が高くなると運動認知が実際の能力よりも大きい状態を示し,また小さくなると運動認知が実際の能力よりも低い状態を示す.得られた指標を用いて,運動認知と身体運動能力などとの関連を調査した.結果,運動認知能力と転倒することへの恐怖感,身体バランス能力(重心動揺)は関連する傾向があることが分かった.以上より,運動認知よりも身体運動能力が劣っている高齢者,すなわち自分の身体運動能力を過信する傾向にある高齢者は,転倒に対する恐怖感や身体バランス能力からネガティブな影響を受けている可能性があり,特に恐怖感が運動と認知に関連しているものと考えられた.

In this study, people with high levels of mental health are concerned about the prevention of health problems, while those with high levels of physical activity are particularly aware of how to enter the field, and that people who learn about each other are in harmony with each other. in this study, the results of the study show that people with high levels of physical activity do not know how to learn about each other, and that people with high levels of physical activity have a lot of knowledge about how to learn about each other. In the previous year, the information system was used to determine the cross-border action of the system, and the information system was used to study the possibility of safety monitoring. This year, this year, the physical exercise ability is known to measure the amount of exercise this year. In the past year, people who live in high-altitude areas feel sick, have a sense of terror, have a sense of physical pain, have the ability to move their muscles, their toes are strong, and their center of gravity is moving. It is possible to determine the maximum height (presumptive height), the maximum height (presumption), the maximum height (presumption). It is presumed that the error rate can be calculated by measuring the error rate. We know that the error rate is high, the international capacity is high, and the international capacity is low. You need to know that you are not in a position to use medicine, and that you are not able to exercise. The results show that the ability of exercise awareness has no effect on the sense of terror, and the ability of physical exercise (center of gravity) is sensitive to the score of mental illness. In the above situation, people who know that their physical mobility is poor, those who have poor physical mobility, those who believe in their physical mobility, those who do not have the ability to do so, do not know that they are likely to be affected, and they are especially grateful for the possibility that they may be affected.