Impacts of glaciation, permafrost and tectonic conditions on far-field radionuclide evolution following a potential repository failure case

废物的地质处置必须位于与地下水流保持充分隔离的地区。否则，在储存库发生故障的情况下，流体流动过程可能有利于放射性核素向生物圈的迁移。在这种最糟糕的情况下，很少有研究讨论远场废物运输的后果。然而，整个系统的水文地质条件最终将不同于建造储存库时遇到的水文地质条件，因为它们受到外部因素(例如气候变化)和盆地内在特征的强烈控制。这项环境风险提案旨在调查(I)冰川作用、(Ii)永久冻土和(Iii)构造事件对控制假想废物储存库附近大规模地下水流动的水文和水力学边界的影响。为此，俄罗斯的Yeniseisky遗址(YS)作为一个案例研究，以独特的方式涵盖了上述地质环境的所有三个特征。YS是一个潜在的结晶岩石中放射性废物的深层地质库。将应用热-水力-机械-化学(THM-C)耦合过程的多物理模拟，以便在储存库故障的最坏情况下提供远场放射性核素演化的情景。THM-C模型的新颖性和对YS独特数据库的访问将拓宽对构造活动盆地内异常流体、热和质量迁移的经典理解。因此，虽然拟议的专题涉及放射性核素的命运，但所开发的模型所依据的物理和数值概念可应用于多种地圈利用情景(例如二氧化碳储存、废物补救、地震成核)。此外，还计划在类似的结晶地质构造中进行相关基准研究。

Geological disposal of waste must be located in areas that remain sufficiently isolated from groundwater flow. Otherwise, in case of repository failure, fluid flow processes may favor migration of radionuclides into the biosphere. Few studies address the consequences of far-field waste transport in such worst-case scenarios. However, the hydrogeological conditions of the entire system will eventually differ from those encountered at the time of the repository construction as they are strongly controlled by both external factors (e.g. climate change) and intrinsic basin features. This environmental risk proposal aims to investigate the impacts of (i) glaciation, (ii) permafrost and (iii) tectonic events on the hydrological and hydromechanical boundaries that control large-scale groundwater flow near hypothetical waste repositories. For this purpose, the Yeniseisky site (YS) in Russia, a potential deep geological repository of radioactive waste in crystalline rock, serves as a case study encompassing in a unique way all three of the above features of the geological setting. Multiphysics simulations of Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Chemical (THM-C) coupled processes will be applied in order to provide scenarios of far-field radionuclide evolution in the worst-case scenario of a repository failure. The novelty of the THM-C models and the access to a unique database of the YS will broaden the classical understanding of anomalous fluid, heat and mass migration within tectonically active basins. Accordingly, while the proposed topic relates to radionuclide fate, the physical and numerical concepts underlying the developed models can be applied to a multitude of geosphere utilization-scenarios (e.g. CO 2 storage, waste remediation, seismic nucleation). Furthermore, related benchmark studies in similar crystalline geological formations are planned.