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Comparative Study of Thoughts and Legal Systems for Conservation of Nature

自然保护思想与法律制度的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
02451068
负责人：
USHIYAMA Tsumoru
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02451068/
关键词：
Conservation of Nature Enjoyment of Nature Naturschutsrecht in der Bundesrepublik Deutchland Zakon RF ob okhrane okruzhaiushchei prirodnoi sredy Plan for Nature Conservancy Agreement for Environmental Protection Ecology Nazism 法律・条例・協定生

项目摘要

1. Objects of the research project.The main objects are the historical and comparative research of nature conservation laws of forests, suburban greens, rivers and lakes. The viewpoints have been placed on (1) the explanation of the historical developments of nature conservation laws in each country in connection with the developing process of the ideas of nature conservation, (2) the clarification of the characteristics of, and the factors of making, the present nature conservation laws in each country, (3) the real state of the enforcement of those laws in each country, and, (4)the functions of various institutions and individuals.2. Researches on the situations in several foreign countries.(1) England--Legal measures for the purposes of public recreation and outdoor activities after the industrial revolution have been surveyed.(2) Germany--Historical changes of legal measures up to the enactment of the "Bundesnaturschutzgezetz" in 1976 and the ideas realized in it have been clarified.(3) USSR and Federal Republic of Russia--Various measures and the contents of environmental protection legislation (1991) which have been realized backed by the political trends of perestroika have been explained.3. The present conditions and problems of nature conservation in some areas in Japan have been surveyed. The proposition of the theoretical framework to emphasize the importance of, together with national legislations, bylaws made by local authorities and agreements with entrepreneur to attain the aims of environmental protection has been made.

1.研究对象。主要研究对象为森林、郊区绿地、河流、湖泊自然保护规律的历史研究和比较研究。这些观点包括：(1)结合自然保护思想的发展过程解释各国自然保护法的历史发展；(2)阐明各国现行自然保护法的特点和制定因素；(3)各国自然保护法执行的实际情况；(4)各种机构和个人的作用。研究了国外几个国家的情况。(1)英国--工业革命后以公共娱乐和户外活动为目的的法律措施；(2)德国--1976年《联邦宪法》颁布前法律措施的历史演变及其实现的思想；(3)苏联和俄罗斯共和国--解释了在改革的政治趋势支持下实现的各种措施和环境保护立法(1991)的内容。对日本部分地区的自然保护现状和存在的问题进行了调查。提出了理论框架的建议，强调与国家立法、地方当局制定的附则和与企业家达成的协议对实现环境保护目标的重要性。