Effects of the Construction of Golf Course on Runoff Characteristics

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Recently, many local governments impose severe restrictions on constructing new golf course because they cause destruction of environment. For example, local governments set the upper limit of total number of golf course and its total area within their territory. However, it is difficult to point out scientific justification of these regulations. The main aim of this research provides methods how to evaluate effects of the construction of golf course on regional hydrological phenomena This research consists of two parts.(1) Field observationIt is very important to observe hydrological phenomena before and after the construction. We have measured rainfall, discharge, turbidity and water quality at the construction site of new golf course from 1991 t0 1993. The construction of this golf course began in 1992 and is expected to provide service in 1995. It is too early to conclude effects of this golf course on runoff characteristics.(2) Theoretical approach to detect the change of runoff c … More haracteristics-Stochastic response of storage function model-It is very difficult to evaluate change of runoff characteristics It is well known that all observed data have always some error. Even if hydrograph before and after the construction of golf course shows some change, we have to decide this change is real one or within error. However, it is hard to estimate the range of error. This problem will be solved if we provide the confidence level of estimated discharge. We must drive the probability density function of discharge to obtain its confidence level. On the other hand, the relationship between storage and discharge is a direct method to detect the change of runoff mechanism. It is considered that stochastic response of storage model will provide the solution for above problem.All real hydrologic processes are more or less stochastic. While the dynamics for the runoff process are described by differential equations, strictly speaking, runoff phenomena are best expressed by stochastic differential equations. Stochastic equations are grouped into three classes :1.Initial conditions are described as stochastic or probability.2.The parameters included in differential equations are random variables.3.Forcing terms are random variables.This research focuses on the last class as first step although real runoff phenomena include all three classes. First four central moments of discharge are obtained theoretically. It is possible to estimate the probability density function of discharge based on obtained first four central moments. It is concluded that the probability density function of discharge is approximated by Gamma distribution or log-normal distribution. Less