Modeling of expression mechanism of productivity of common buckwheat.

荞麦具有易于种植的优点，但产量低且极不稳定。长期以来，我们一直在进行一系列的培养实验，比较荞麦在日本、欧洲和加拿大等广泛地区的生长情况。在分析试验中荞麦生长与栽培地环境因子关系的基础上，尝试建立荞麦生产力表达机制模型。荞麦植株的枝条生长阶段、花芽分化和生长阶段、开花阶段、成熟阶段在植株位置上差别很大，每个生长阶段都很长，相互重叠。此外，由于荞麦是一种异种植物，个体变异较大，因此荞麦群落的生长阶段非常复杂。因此，很难掌握环境因素对每个生长阶段的影响。为了解决这一难题，首先对生长阶段进行建模。研究了环境因子、外源因子和内源因子对植物生长的影响，特别是对花器官形成过程的影响，以支持生长阶段模型。研究了影响授粉和结实率的昆虫数量和种类。研究了主要传粉昆虫行为的时间变化、传粉和留花花粉数量的变化以及环境因素。在很大程度上阐明了受精率的决定因素。此外，还收集了各种植点环境因子的补充数据。根据上述数据，对荞麦生长进行建模，以明确每个栽培地点的温度、日照长度和降雨量等气候因子与生长和产量之间的局地关系。然而，高产增长的一般模型需要进一步的研究和考虑。

Although buckwheat has several advantages in that it is easily taken into cropping system, its yield is low and very unstable. We have long been conducting a series of culture experiments comparing the growth of buckwheat between wide rage of regions, such as those in Japan, Europe and in Canada. On the basis of the analysis of the relationship between the growth in the experiments and environmental factors in the cultivation site, modeling of expression mechanism of productivity of buckwheat was attempted.Stages of shoot growth, flower bud differentiation and growth, flowering, ripening are quite different between the position of a buckwheat plant, and each growth stage is long and overlapping each other. In addition, since buckwheat is an allogamous plant and has a large individual variation, the growth phase of buckwheat community is very complex. It is thus very difficult to grasp the effects of environmental factors on each growth stage. In order to solve this difficulty, growth phase was modeled at first. Effects of environmental and, exo- and endo-genious factors on growth, especially on the process of floral organ formation, were then investigated to support the growth phase modeling.Numbers and kinds of insect pollinator dominating the fertilization and seed setting were investigated. Time course changes in behavior of major insect pollinators together with changes in numbers of pollen pollinated and left in anther, and environmental factors were also closely investigated. Determining factor of the fertilization rate was clarified to a considerable extent. In addition, supplemental data of environmental factors of each cultivation site were collected.From above data, buckwheat growth was modeled to clarify the locality in relationship between such climatic factors as temperature, day length and rainfall, and growth and yield in each cultivation site. General model for high-yielding growth, however, needs further investigation and consideration.