Modeling of expression mechanism of productivity of common buckwheat.

虽然荞麦具有易于种植的优点，但其产量低，而且非常不稳定。长期以来，我们一直在进行一系列栽培试验，比较不同地区的荞麦生长情况，如日本、欧洲和加拿大的地区。在分析试验生长与栽培地环境因子关系的基础上，尝试建立荞麦生产力表现机理的模型。不同部位荞麦的枝条生长、花芽分化与生长、开花、成熟期差异较大，各生育期较长且相互重叠。另外，由于荞麦是异花授粉植物，个体变异较大，其群落发育阶段非常复杂。因此，很难掌握环境因素对每个生长阶段的影响。为了解决这一难题，首先对生长阶段进行了建模。研究了环境因子、外源因子和内源因子对生长的影响，特别是对花器官形成过程的影响，以支持生长期模型的建立。调查了在受精和结实过程中起主导作用的传粉者的数量和种类。还对主要昆虫传粉者行为的时程变化、授粉和留在花药中的花粉数量变化以及环境因素进行了密切的研究。受精率的决定因素在相当程度上得到了明确。此外，还收集了各栽培地环境因子的补充数据，并在此基础上对荞麦生长进行了模拟，以明确各栽培地温度、日长、降雨量等气候因子与生长发育和产量的局部性关系。然而，高收益增长的一般模型需要进一步的研究和考虑。

Although buckwheat has several advantages in that it is easily taken into cropping system, its yield is low and very unstable. We have long been conducting a series of culture experiments comparing the growth of buckwheat between wide rage of regions, such as those in Japan, Europe and in Canada. On the basis of the analysis of the relationship between the growth in the experiments and environmental factors in the cultivation site, modeling of expression mechanism of productivity of buckwheat was attempted.Stages of shoot growth, flower bud differentiation and growth, flowering, ripening are quite different between the position of a buckwheat plant, and each growth stage is long and overlapping each other. In addition, since buckwheat is an allogamous plant and has a large individual variation, the growth phase of buckwheat community is very complex. It is thus very difficult to grasp the effects of environmental factors on each growth stage. In order to solve this difficulty, growth phase was modeled at first. Effects of environmental and, exo- and endo-genious factors on growth, especially on the process of floral organ formation, were then investigated to support the growth phase modeling.Numbers and kinds of insect pollinator dominating the fertilization and seed setting were investigated. Time course changes in behavior of major insect pollinators together with changes in numbers of pollen pollinated and left in anther, and environmental factors were also closely investigated. Determining factor of the fertilization rate was clarified to a considerable extent. In addition, supplemental data of environmental factors of each cultivation site were collected.From above data, buckwheat growth was modeled to clarify the locality in relationship between such climatic factors as temperature, day length and rainfall, and growth and yield in each cultivation site. General model for high-yielding growth, however, needs further investigation and consideration.