Physio-histological studies on effect of silicon to growth, dry matter production and photosynthesis in rice plants

水稻是一种硅质植物，在叶片和茎秆中积累硅。然而，关于二氧化硅化合物在水稻植株中的生理作用的信息很少。1991 ~ 1993年连续3年研究了硅对水稻生长、干物质生产和光合作用的生理组织学影响。+Si处理能有效增加干物质和株高。10个品种平均干物质质量，cv。Koshihikari对二氧化硅的应用最为敏感。从生长分析，硅对干物质产量的影响是NAR增加引起的。施用二氧化硅的叶片在光合作用的气体扩散过程中效果显著。从气孔对蓝光和细胞间CO_2浓度的响应中发现，硅与保护细胞的运动功能密切相关。+Si叶片可以防止过度运输，提高水分利用效率，防止衰老叶片叶绿素破坏。二氧化硅通过增加叶面蜡层和表皮细胞角质层，有效地保持叶肉细胞水势。二氧化硅覆膜叶片中脂质和细胞壁多糖的增加可能有助于细胞膜的稳定性。

Rice plant is well known as a silica plant, accumulating silicon in leaf and culm. However, there is little information about the physiological roles of silica compounds in rice plants. We investigated the physio-histological effect of silicon on growth, dry matter production and photosynthesis of rice plants for three years 1991 to 1993.+Si treatment was effective in increasing dry matter and plant height. Average dry matter weight of the 10 cultivars, cv. koshihikari was the most sensitive to silica application. From the growth analysis, effect of silicon on dry matter production caused by increase of NAR.Silica-applicated leaves were highly effective in gas diffusion process of photosynthesis. From the responses of stomata to blue light and inter cellular CO_2 concentration, it was found that silicon was closely related to moving function of guard cell. +Si leaves could prevent over transporation and resulted in high water use efficiency, prevent of chlorophyll destruction in aged leaves.Silica application was effective to conserve water potential in mesophyll cell by increasing of leaf surface wax layr and cuticle layr in epidermal cell. Increase of lipid and cell wall polysaccharide in silica-applocated leaves may contribute to stability of cell membtrane.