Neurogenic control of brain edema

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Using cats with cold brain injury, electrical stimulation of the medullary reticular formation for 40 minutes resulted in the increment of brain water content by 1.5 to 3.0% and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the cerebrospinal fluid by two times. Recent reports indicate that central AVP facilitates movement of brain water in normal and pathological conditions. The experiments were carried out to clarify the therapeutic effect of AVP receptor antagonists on brain water in the condition of brain edema. Our results indicate that intraventricular administration of V_1 receptor antagonist of 50ng significantly reduces the increment of brain water content at the adjacent sites of the lesion associated with significant reduction of tissue Na^+ and increment of K^+. This beneficial effect was observed when AVP V_1 receptor antagonist was given prior to or after cold lesion to the brain. AVP V_2 receptor antagonist had less effect. AVP V_1 receptor antagonist may become effective therapy for brain edena.