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HYDROGEOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF ACID SNOW AND THOSE ACCUMULATION AND MIGRATION PROCESS IN THE SNOWPACK

酸雪化学成分及积雪过程的水地球化学研究

基本信息

批准号：
04452232
负责人：
UJIHASHI Yasuyuki
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
FUKUI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (1994)Kanazawa University (1992-1993)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04452232/
关键词：
Acid Snow Snow Metamorphism Snow Melt Environment 積雪の変態環境 Acid Shock 積雪 pH

项目摘要

Research results are summarized as follows ;1) The major cations and anions in the snow in Hokuriku region are H^+, Na^+, K+, Ca^<2+>, Mg^<2+>, NH_4^+, and Cl^-, SO_4^2, NO_3^-.2) Mean pH value of the new snow is 4.6, and nss-SO_4^<2-> and NO_3^- are major two ions contribute to snow acidification.3) When snow ablation occurs in the early melt season, the melt water whose ion concentration is 2 to 4 times higher than the mean concentration of the whole pack flows out from the pack because most of ions in the snow exit near the surfaces of snow particles.4) A novel snow cover model is developed that considers the four main physical processes that occur during snow season and only requires the data routinely available. The model performance is tested through simulating the snow cover at Siramine, the foot of Mt. Haku.5) The amount of ion elution is estimated by the exponential function of melt water. The time variation of ion concentration profile in the pack is well simulated by using the snow cver model combined with the exponential relation between the melt water and the amount of eluted ion.6) Strong acid shock does not occur in the warm snow region like Hokuriku region, Japan because snowfall and its ablation are repeated in snow season.

研究结果表明：1)北国地区雪中主要阳离子和阴离子为H^+、Na+、K+、Ca^&lt；2+&gt；、Mg^&lt；2+&gt；、NH_4^+和Cl^-、SO_4^2、NO_3^-2)新雪的平均pH值为4.6，NSS-SO_4^&lt；和NO_3~-是导致积雪酸化的两种主要离子。3)在融雪季的早期，当积雪发生消融时，由于雪中的大部分离子都在雪粒表面附近流出，离子浓度高于全包平均浓度2~4倍的融水从积雪包中流出。4)建立了一个新的雪盖模型，该模型考虑了雪季发生的四个主要物理过程，只需要常规的数据。通过模拟锡拉明山脚下的积雪对模型的性能进行了检验。用熔融水的指数函数来估算离子的洗脱量。利用雪花模型结合融水与离子洗脱量之间的指数关系，较好地模拟了包内离子浓度的时间变化。6)在日本北国等温暖的雪区，由于雪季反复降雪及其烧蚀，因此不会发生强酸冲击。