Effects of MUSIC or White Noise on Answering Questionnaires.

环境对回答问卷的影响很少被研究。本研究旨在探讨音乐或白色噪音对被试回答问题的影响。作为问卷的代表，我们选择THI（Todai Health Index：由S.Aoki等人开发，其目的是补充广泛使用的康奈尔医学指数（CMI）和YG（Yatabe-Guilford人格调查表），因为这两个问卷现在都是日本的标准问卷。在1992、1993、1994年三个时间点（1992、1993、1994年），63-64名独立学院女大学生自愿接受了实验设计的时间表，1992年我们进行了初步实验，学生回答了几份问卷，听两种类型的音乐或白色噪音。在1993年，受试者在听音乐（白色噪音或无噪音）时，回答THI、YG和其他几份关于音乐环境的日常状况或健康状况的简短问卷。我们认为第二个实验是探索性的，所以我们在1994年计划了第三个验证性实验，使用相同的实验对象，THI或YG，和相同的音乐环境设置，但完全交叉的研究设计，在这样的实验环境下，音乐本身似乎对回答THI或YG问卷没有影响，与控制相比。但心身疾病的判别值受音乐或噪声的影响。特别是那些没有听音乐习惯的学生，更容易受到影响。研究结果还表明，音乐环境对这些学生的“攻击性和外向性”得分有影响。但这种影响的大小看起来是最小的，因此问卷调查的数据似乎具有“稳健性”。

The effect of surroundings on answering questionnaires has been rarely examined. This study assesses the effects of MUSIC or White Noise, which is ones of the various surrounding factors, on answering questionnaries. As a representative for questionnaries, we chosed THI (Todai Health Index : developed by S.Aoki et al., with the purpose of supplementing the widely used Cornell Medical Index, CMI) and YG (the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory), beacause both are now standard questionnaries in Japan. On three occations (1992,1993,1994), 63-64 independent female college students volunteered for the experimental designed schedule.In 1992 we did preliminary experiments where students answered several questionnaires, listening two types of MUSIC or to White Noise. THI and YG were chosen as a result.Listening to MUSIC white Noise or nothing (Control), volunteers answers THI,YG and several additional brief questionnaires which related to everyday condition of musical surrundings or thier health conditions in 1993. We thought the second experiment was exploratory, so we planed the third, confirmatory experiment in 1994, using the same questionnaites, THI or YG,and the same musical surrounding settings but for complete cross-over study design.Under such experimental surroundings, Music itself seems to have almost no effect on answering the THI or YG questionnaires, compared to Control. But discriminant value of psychosomatic disease was affected by music or noise. Especially, students who don't have habits to listen to music were likely to be affected strongly. The results also presented such students' scores on "aggressive and extrovert" could be affected by musical settings. But the size of such effect looks minimum, so the data from questionnaires seems to have "robustness".