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Virological and epidemiological study of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis.

诺瓦克病毒胃肠炎的病毒学和流行病学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
04454278
负责人：
CHIBA Shunzo
金额：
$ 3.39万
依托单位：
Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04454278/
关键词：
Norwalk virus Food-borne outbreaks ELISA Dot Blot Hybridization RT-PCR Infantile gastroenteritis Seroepidemiology Japan and Southeast Asia Dot Blot Hybridization法ノルウォークウイルス Dot blot hybridization法ノルウォークウィルス Pot blot hybridization

项目摘要

Norwalk virus (NV) is the most improtant causative virus of food-borne outbreaks of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis especially in adults. The recent success of the NV gene cloning has resulted in the development of new methods like the ELISA,the dot blot hybridization and the RT-PCR for NV study.Although genetic relatedness between NV and human calicivirus (HCV), feline calicivirus and Otofuke-agent related virus (OARV) has not demonstrated by the ELISA,some relationships among NV and some strain of HCV or OARV was shown by the dot blot hybridization. Very few NV were detected in the stool specimens obtained from children, mainly younger than 10 years old, with acute gastroenteritis. The prevalence of antibody to recombinant NV remained at a low level throughout childhood and then showed a steep rise during school age and early adulthood in Japan. A high prevalence of antibody was observed in samples collected from healthy adults in Japan and Southeast Asia. These results suggested that NV infection is common in adults in Japan and Southeast Asia but may be rare in infants in Japan. 18 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis with unknown causative pathogen were examined by the new three methods described above. Three of them were due to NV and the remaining 15 were negative by the ELISA.The RT-PCR method seem to be the best to detect NV because of the sensitivity and the availability of the sequence analysis of the PCR products.

诺瓦克病毒（Norwalk virus，NV）是引起急性非细菌性胃肠炎暴发流行的重要病原。近年来，NV基因克隆的成功，使ELISA、斑点杂交和RT-PCR等新的研究方法得以发展，虽然ELISA不能证明NV与人杯状病毒（HCV）、猫杯状病毒和耳毒相关病毒（OARV）之间的遗传相关性，但斑点杂交显示NV与某些HCV或OARV毒株之间存在一定的遗传相关性。从患有急性胃肠炎的儿童（主要是10岁以下的儿童）的粪便标本中检测到极少数NV。在日本，重组NV抗体的流行率在整个儿童时期保持在较低水平，然后在学龄和成年早期急剧上升。从日本和东南亚健康成人采集的样本中观察到抗体的高流行率。这些结果表明，NV感染在日本和东南亚的成人中很常见，但在日本的婴儿中可能很罕见。用上述三种新方法对18起不明病原的急性胃肠炎暴发疫情进行了检测。其中3例为NV，其余15例ELISA检测均为阴性，RT-PCR法因其灵敏度高、PCR产物序列分析方便等优点而被认为是检测NV的最佳方法。