Phase Transitions in Dense Astrophysical Plasmas

以下是新的发现：稠密多离子混合等离子体的状态方程和相图用蒙特卡罗模拟方法计算了稠密多离子混合等离子体的流体相和固相状态方程。通过自由能的和规则分析，证实了结果的准确性。构建了适合白矮星内部的各种bim的相图。致密恒星物质的状态方程、金属化和能量输运考虑到原子和等离子体粒子之间强耦合的物理效应，研究了部分电离的致密恒星物质的状态方程。在这种材料中计算了电电阻率和热电阻率以及自由-自由不透明度。3 .密集库仑固体中核核反应速率的热增强通过对晶格势中最近邻核间散射薛定谔方程的数值求解，重新计算了整个库仑固体密度-温度域核核反应速率的热增强因子。致密超高压金属中的核聚变结合低温下的核非核反应的概念以及核间强库仑相关对核聚变的增强，我们提出了“地球上的超新星”核聚变研究方案的具体案例。量子库仑固体的状态方程和熔融跃迁用量子蒙特卡罗模拟方法计算了晶体状态下单组分等离子体的自由能。用自由能公式计算了致密碳、氦材料的熔化曲线。密集库仑物质中多体关联的簇模型研究用模拟方法计算了库仑簇（粒子数为2 ~ 60）的状态方程。由此建立了一个新的库仑流体模型。

Followings are the new findings :1. Equation of State and Phase Diagrams for Dense Multi-Ionic Mixture PlasmasEquations of state for dense multi-ionic mixture plasmas were evaluated for both fluid and solid phases by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The accuracy of the results has been confirmed through a sum-rule analysis of the free energy. Phase diagrams for various BIMs appropriate to white-dwarf interiors were constructed.2.Equation of State, Metallization, and Energy Transport in Dense Stellar MatterEquations of state for partially ionized dense stellar matter were investigated by taking into account physical effects of strong coupling between atoms and plasma particles. Electric and thermal resistivities and free-free opacities were calculated in such matter.3. Thermal Enhancement of Pycnonuclear Reaction rates in Dense Coulomb SolidsThrough a numerical solution to the Schrodinger equation of scattering between nearest-neighbor nuclei in the lattice potential, the thermal enhancement factor of the pycnonuclear rates were newly evaluated for the entire density-temperature domain of Coulomb solids.4. Nuclear Fusion in Dense Ultrahigh Pressure MetalsCombining concepts of pycnonuclear reactions at low temperatures and their enhancement due to strong internuclear Coulombic correlations, we presented concrete cases of a "supernova on the earth" scheme for fusion researches.5. Equation of State and Melting Transition in Quantum Coulomb-SolidsThe free energy of a one-component plasma in a crystalline state was calculated by a quantum Monte Carlo simulation method. The free-energy formula were applied for calculation of the melting curves in dense carbon and helium materials.6. Cluster-Model Study of Many-Body Correlations in Dense Coulomb MatterEquations of state for Coulomb clusters (number of particles are 2 to 60) were evaluated by a simulation method. A novel model for the Coulomb fiuid was thereby constructed.