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Oral physiological study on respiration center in vocalization

发声呼吸中枢的口腔生理研究

基本信息

批准号：
04807131
负责人：
KAMADA Tsutomu
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04807131/
关键词：
Vocalization Respiration control Ultrasound Recurrent nerve Phrenic nerve 微小電気刺激

项目摘要

When vocalizing, animals berath in the special way for vocalization. To elucidate the neural mechanism of switching the way of breathing, rat offers a good model because rat emits audible- and ultra-sounds when it is stimulated electrically in vocal center like central gray. Firstly we recorded respiratory movement and vocalized sounds in pups and adult rats. In pups the ultrasound vocalization was associated with strong expiratory movement in one, two, and ten days after birth. Emitted sounds were analyzed by sonagraph, which was very close to about 20 kHz pure tone. The effects of cutting recurrent and phrenic nerve on ultrasound vocalization were examined. Hemisection was not effective to stop vocalization. However, the cutting in both sides of nerves did not give us the constant results in vocalization. In adults the stimulation of central gray or surrounding area caused audible of ultra sound vocalizations, which were analyzed by sonagraph. Audible sounds were similar to screams while ultrasounds were like pure-tone. The respiration movement in adult when emitting ultrasounds was different from one in pups. Adults expirated slowly with ultrasound emission while pups did strongly. Cutting the recurrent or phrenic nerves in adults caused no ultrasound emission. The study did not elucidate direct neural center which controles respiration in vocalization, but could make clear the relationship between vocalization, and respiratory movement, and the function of peripheral neural system in vocalization.

动物在发声时，有一种特殊的发声方式。电刺激大鼠发声中枢（如中央灰质）时，大鼠可发出可听音和超声波，为阐明呼吸方式转换的神经机制提供了一个很好的模型。首先，我们记录了幼鼠和成年大鼠的呼吸运动和发声。在幼鼠中，超声发声与出生后1天、2天和10天的强呼气运动相关。发出的声音进行了分析，这是非常接近约20 kHz的纯音。观察切断膈神经和返神经对超声发声的影响。半切不能有效地阻止发声。然而，两侧神经的切断并没有给我们在发声方面带来恒定的结果。成人刺激中央灰质或周围区可听到超声发声，用声觉分析。听觉类似于尖叫声，而超声波则类似于纯音。成年和幼仔在发射超声波时的呼吸运动不同。成年狗对超声波发射的反应缓慢，而幼犬则反应强烈。切断成人的返神经或膈神经不会引起超声发射。本研究未能阐明发声过程中控制呼吸的直接神经中枢，但可以阐明发声与呼吸运动的关系，以及周围神经系统在发声过程中的作用。