Planning of Deterrence-system of Unlawful Conducts and Behaviors by Corporations --An Approach by Law and Economics--

我们研究了如何规划法律制度，以最大限度地遏制企业的违法或非法行为和活动。本研究以委托代理模型为基础，综合运用了法学和经济学的分析工具。利用这些模型和工具，我们从许多法律方面探讨了最佳威慑问题。我们从理论上积极地处理和分析了这个问题。具体如下：1。我们在委托代理模型下分析了组织和公司本身及其雇员的犯罪或违法行为。与其他法律相比，威慑制度在这一领域的效果相对较好。我们处理了交易法中的委托代理关系和类似关系问题，以及侵权法中的雇主对雇员违法行为（侵权）的责任（替代责任）问题。传统上的理解是，这些法律规则不能产生阻止非法行为的激励，但它们有可能产生阻止的激励。在某种程度上，在日本反垄断法的多种制裁下，有有效的激励措施来阻止非法活动和阴谋。本文从法哲学的角度分析了公司的法律责任和社会责任问题。我们发现，法律制度应促使追求产品和服务效率的公司或企业采取激励措施，有效遏制非法行为；最优威慑制度必须建立在市场公平价值观的基础上。在上述实证分析的基础上，对本研究各成员的研究和调查进行了整合。我们的结论是，我国的法律制度对非法活动具有一定的威慑作用，但它仍然不是一种最优的威慑制度。应该对最佳威慑系统进行一些改进。

We have studied planning an legal-system to deter corporations' illegal or unlawful conducts and activities optimally. This study took approach based on the model of principal-agency, and generally used the analytical tools of the law and economics. Using these models and tools, we approached the problem of the optimal deterrence from many legal aspects. We dealt and analyzed the problem theoretically and positively. That is as follows :1. We analyzed crimes or illegal conducts by organizations and corporations themselves, and their employees under the principal-agency model. In this area, the deterrence system works relatively well, compared with other law.2. We dealt with problems including principal-agency relationship and similar relationships in transaction-law, and employer's liability for unlawful conducts (torts) by their employees (vicarious liability) in tort law. These legal rules, it has been traditionally understood, could not create an incentive to deter illegal actions, but they have a possibility to induce incentives to deter.3. There had been, to some extent, effective incentives to deter illegal activities and conspiracies under the many kinds of sanctions of Anti-trust law of Japan.4. We analyzed the problem of the corporation's legal and social responsibility from the point of the legal-philosophical analysis. we have found that the legal system should induce corporations or enterprises, seeking efficiency in producing goods and servies, to have incentives to deter illegal conducts effectively ; it is necessary that the optimal deterrence system should be based on the fairness values in the market.Based on the above positive analysis, researches and investigations by each members of this study have been integrated. We have got conclusions that our legal system induces some incentives to deter illegal activities, but it is not still an optimal deterrence system. There should be some improvements toward an optimal deterrence system.