Protective Construction of a Space Facility against Space Debris Impact in the medium velocity range of 3 to 6km/s

本文研究的是空间设施在人造碎片--空间碎片撞击下的防护问题。这种保护是由一个惠普尔型缓冲器进行的，该缓冲器将设置在空间设施的主墙前面。在撞击速度超过5公里/秒的情况下，来自保险杠的第二碎片和撞击的空间碎片必须熔化和（或）蒸发，主壁只能受到轻微损坏。因此，本研究旨在开发一种即使在5 km/s以下的撞击速度范围内也能有效工作的缓冲器，在该速度范围内，会产生第二固体碎片并对主壁造成硬损伤。通过MnAl球在3至4 km/s的速度范围内撞击缓冲器进行了撞击模拟。MnAl弹的质量密度为5.1g/cm^3，直径为1 mm。保险杠和假想的主墙之间的距离为50毫米。几张碳纸和白色纸交替层压在主墙上。 ...更多信息 所有.保险杠由2024铝合金板和氮化铝烧结板组成。每块板的厚度为1 mm。通过复写纸上的痕迹，观察了主墙上次级碎片的分布情况。采用自制闪光灯光源高速摄影对保险杠二次碎片进行了现场观测，结果表明，在冲击速度超过2km/s的情况下，仅由铝合金制成的保险杠产生了部分固体碎片，并对主壁造成了点状损伤。而纯AlN材料的缓冲器则产生了粉末状的固体碎屑，对主壁造成了轻微的损伤。另外，在适当的缓冲板厚度和冲击速度条件下，AlN缓冲器的二次碎片以相对较高的密度分布在带状物中，这是非常有趣的。该项目表明，由前铝合金板和后AlN板组成的保险杠有效地抑制了大固体碎片的产生。少

This reseach is concerned with the protection of a space facility against impact of artifical fragment, space debris. The protection was performed by an Whipple-type bumper which would be set in front of a main wall of the space facility. In the case of impact velocity over 5km/s, second debris originating from the bumper and an impacting space debris must be melted and/or vaporized, and the main wall could be only slightly damaged. Thus, this is the research on the development of a bumper working effectively even in the impact velocity range under 5km/s in which second solid debris will be produced and cause hard damage on the main wall.Impact simulation were carried out through the impact of a MnAl sphere on a bumper in the velocity range of 3 to 4km/s. The MnAl projectile had the mass density of 5.1g/cm^3 and diameter of 1mm. The distance between the bumper and an imaginary main wall was 50mm. Several sheets of carbon paper and white paper were laminated in alternation on the main w … More all. The Bumper was composed of a 2024 Al alloy plate and a AlN sintered one. The thickness of each plate was 1mm. The distribution of secondary debris on the main wall was observed by tracing prints from the carbon papers. In-situ observation of the secondary debris from the bumper was carried out by high-speed photograph with a hand-made flash-light source.In the case of impact velocity of over 2km/s, some of solid debris were produced from a bumper made of only Al alloy, and they caused damage in spots on the main wall. On the contray, powderlike solid debris were produced from a bumper of only AlN,and they caused slight damage on the main wall. In addition, it is interesting very much that secondary debris from a bumper of AlN distribute in a belt with relatively high density under proper conditions of bumper plate thickness and impact velocity. This project revealed that a bumper composed of a front Al alloy plate and a rear AlN one acts effectively to suppress the production of large solid debris. Less