SPP 1355: Elementary Processes of Organic Photovoltaics

光伏发电是将太阳光直接转化为电能，是一种极具吸引力的可再生能源。然而，尽管在研究和开发方面做出了巨大努力，但光伏仍然过于成本密集。有机太阳能电池是实现低价格光伏的一种有前途的方式。其主要优点是制备容易，材料和加工工艺成本低。此外，生产柔性设备的可能性使巨大的应用范围成为可能。但是低功率效率（约5%的研究电池效率）和有机太阳能电池的长期稳定性等悬而未决的问题仍然限制了广泛的应用。为了满足广泛应用的复杂要求，需要研究有机光伏的基本问题和基本过程。优先方案的主要议题是：如何提高电力效率？哪些基本的电子和光化学过程限制了长期稳定性？哪些新材料可用作吸收和传输材料？优先方案的重点是生产有机固态太阳能电池的新材料，层的物理和形态特性之间的相互关系以及表面的影响。应研究太阳能电池中完整基本过程的模型及其电池结构的新方法。优先计划的目的不应是优化应用研究，而应侧重于基本问题和基本过程的知识，并发现新的材料和概念。 基于这些结果，应用研究可以面对更高效率和更长寿命的器件的定向研究。优先方案应将德国的有机太阳能电池研究提高到一个新的水平。优先方案应有助于克服在广泛应用光化学技术的道路上遇到的障碍。特别是，它应有助于加强跨学科的研究领域，这一领域跨越了化学、物理和电气工程等学科的界限，并应有助于解决基本问题。

Photovoltaic, the direct conversation of sunlight into electric power, is an attractive kind of renewable energy supply. However, despite of great efforts in research and development, photovoltaic is still too cost-intensive. Organic solar cells are a promising way towards low-price photovoltaic. The main advantages are easy preparation, low-cost materials and processing technology. Also the possibility of producing flexible devices enables huge application range. But low power efficiency (about 5 percent research cell efficiency) and open questions like long-term stability of organic solar cells are still limiting a broad application. In order to fulfil the complex requirements of broad application, such fundamental questions and the elementary processes of organic photovoltaic need to be investigated. Main topics of the Priority Programme are: How can the power efficiency be increased? Which elementary electro- and photochemical processes are limiting the long-term stability? Which new materials can be applied as absorber and transport materials? The Priority Programme focusses on generating new materials for organic solid-state solar cells, the correlation between photophysical and morphological properties of layers and the impact of surfaces. The modelling of complete elementary processes in solar cells and new approaches of their cell structures should be investigated. The Priority Programme should not aim for otimising the applied research, but should focus on basic questions and the knowledge of elementary processes and discover new materials and concepts. Based on these results, applied research can face up to a directed research towards devices with higher efficiency and longer life time. The Priority Programme should raise the research on organic solar cells to a new level in Germany. The Priority Programme should help to overcome the obstacles on the way to a broad application of photovoltaics. In particular, it should help to strengthen the interdisciplinary field of research, which crosses the boundaries of the disciplines of chemistry, physics and electrical engineering, and should help to resolve fundamental questions.