Formation, Change and Planning of the Color of Townscape in Historic Districts-Analysis of Painted Colors in Layrs of Western Style Buildings of Timber and Wood Siding-

本报告旨在从考古角度研究日本自19世纪中期对外贸易开放以来，西方文明产品在历史街区的建筑色彩，以及如何规划城市景观的色彩。主要有以下几种方法：在第二次世界大战之前，函馆西部历史街区和神户北野山本历史街区已经建造了许多木质外墙和油漆的西式建筑，其中许多建筑至今仍在。我们用防水砂纸对这些历史建筑的护墙板、窗框等表面进行了擦洗，挖掘了这些建筑的油漆层，并进行了收集和对比分析。用计算机图形模拟历史色彩。结果可总结如下：1。颜料层以同心圆的形式出现，我们提出了“时间色环”的新概念，并将其定义为代表每个时代、环境和个体的各个方面。城市景观的油漆颜色发生了显著的变化。与现在的色彩相比，历史色彩出人意料、多样而丰富。它们不同于江户时代形成的历史街区的控制和统一的色彩，形成了一种特色的城市景观，而不是一种和谐的城市景观。颜色的变化是受上次战争等时代潮流的影响和社区颜色形成制度的影响造成的。要使城市景观丰富而有特色，就需要在社区中建立一种新的色彩形成体系，保持色彩的变化和多样性，在时代、环境、个人和色彩之间形成创造性的关系。城市景观的色彩代表着个人在社区中的身份和共同价值，在社区设计和发展中发挥着重要的参与作用。

This report aims to study archeologically the color of buildings in the historic districts where the products of western civilization were adopted in Japan since it had been first opened to free foreign trade in the mid-19th century, and how to plan the color of townscape.The main methods are as follows :1.Numbers of the western style buildings of wood siding and paint had been built in the West Historic District of Hakodate and Kitano Yamamoto Historic District of Kobe before the last war, and many of them remain today.We excavate the paint layrs of these historical buildings by scrubbing the surface of clapboard, window frame etc.with water-resistant sandpaper, and collect and comparatively analyze them.2.Simulating the historic colors by computer graphics.The results may be summarized as follows :1.The paint layrs appeared as concentric color circles, which we propose a new concept "temporal color rings", and define as it represent the various aspects of each of times, environment and individual as strata.2.The paint colors of townscape have been changibg remarkably.Compared with the presenr colors, the historic ones are unexpected, diverse and rich.They are different from the controlled and unified colors in the historic districts which were formed in Edo era, and make a characteristic townscape rather than a harmonious one.3.The change of the colors is caused by the influence of the current of the times such as the last war and the color formation system in community.4.For the purpose of making a rich and a characteristic townscape, it is necessary for a new color formation system in community to keep the change and diversity of the colors and to bring about creative relationships among times, environment, individual and colors.5.The paint colors of townscape represent incividual's identity and common worth in community, and play an important part in community design and development with participation.