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Research on establishment and control of exotic weeds-the weed in forage crop fields : Velvetleaf-

外来杂草——饲草田杂草：绒叶——的建植与防治研究

基本信息

批准号：
05660049
负责人：
OKI Yoko
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theoprasti Medicus) is an exotic annual weed, and often becomes a dominant weed at forage crop fields in Japan because it is adaptive, prolific, and difficult to control.In southwestern part of Japan, velvetleaf is becoming more prevalent in corn fields.The objectives are to determine the physiological and ecological characteristics of velvetleaf, and develop a successful velvetleaf management program in corn fields.Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of varying velvetleaf densities and planting dates on the growth and yield of corn.Velvetleaf emerging 10 days after corn emergence did not reduce corn growth or yield.Though corn growth reductions caused by high velvetleaf densities, velvetleaf produced less seeds compared with at low velvetleaf densities because of inhibiting branching.Weedy type of velvetleaf exhibited different characters from cultivation type in view of branching, seed size and high seed output.Fresh seeds exhibit a high degree of dormancy, and it needs for 3 months to break dormancy of velvetleaf seeds. Velvetleaf seeds population in the soil was directly proportional to the plant population in fields last year.Cultural treatments with tillage practices caused faster breaking velvetleaf seed dormancy than those without tillage.

天鹅绒(Abutilon Theoprasti Medicus)是一种外来的一年生杂草，因其适应性强、多产、防除困难而成为日本饲用作物田的优势杂草。在日本西南部，天麻叶在玉米地里越来越流行。目的是确定天麻叶的生理生态特性，并制定成功的玉米地天鹅绒叶管理方案。通过田间试验，研究了不同天麻叶密度和播期对玉米生长和产量的影响。玉米出苗后10天出现的天鹅绒叶不会影响玉米的生长和产量。尽管高密度的天鹅绒草叶会导致玉米生长减慢，但对玉米产量的影响不大与低密度下相比，天鹅绒的结实率较低，原因是抑制了分枝。杂草类型的天鹅绒在分枝、种子大小和产量方面表现出与栽培类型不同的特征。新鲜种子表现出高度休眠，打破休眠需要3个月的时间。去年土壤中的鹅绒叶种子数量与田间植株数量成正比，耕作方式的栽培处理比不耕作的处理更快地打破了鹅绒叶种子的休眠状态。