Ecophysiological Studies on Water Storage and Water Stress in Tree Species

树种储水和水分胁迫的生态生理学研究

• 批准号: 05660164
• 负责人: YOSHIKAWA Ken
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660164/
• 关键词: Water Stress; Sap Flow Velocity; Transpiration; 樹木生理生態学; 貯水能; 貯水能力; 蒸散活動; 光合成; 木部圧ポテンシャル

Rate of photosynthesis and transpiration of Q.serrate and Cinnamomum Camphora could not show any response to the changes in environmental conditions under severe drought stress cause by the sudden cessation of irrigation. On the other hand, long by weak drought stress was conquered by the phenological and physiological response of seedlings of several tree species. Especially the greater the degree of water stress was, the faster the physiological response of leaves occurred. Four big tree species (Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Magnolia salicifolia and Quercus serrata) were cut before the dawn and whole top part were hung by load-cell to measure the changes in total weight. At the same time, water supplied from the cross section of the trunk. Heat pulse method was used to monitor the changes in sap flow velocity (HPV : heat pulse velocity) by the cut of stem. Just after the cut of stem, C.japonica, C.obtusa and M.salicifolia showed a sudden and tentative increase in HPV (HPVpul), because the negative pressure in xylem was dissolved by stem cutting and water supply. Q.serrata, however, did not show such a sudden increase in HPV.The HPVpul of C.japonica and C.obtusa returned to the normal level after 1.5 and 2.5 hours, respectively. On the other hand, that of M.salicifolia disappeared after only one hour from the top severance, indicating that M.salicifolia could supply water easier than C.japonica and C.obtusa. It means that a tracheid system in coniferous species has higher resistance to water flow in a tree trunk than a vessel system in ring porous xylem. The ratio of HPVpul to the daily maximum HPV of C.japonica increased with the depth from the trunk and it exceeded unity at 18 mm depth, which means HPVmax before the top severance did not represent the maximum capacity of water conductance.

在严重干旱胁迫下突然停止灌溉引起的环境条件的变化，使锯齿栎和樟树的光合作用和蒸腾速率没有表现出任何响应。另一方面，通过几种树种苗木的物候和生理反应，克服了长期的弱干旱胁迫。尤其是水分胁迫程度越大，叶片的生理反应越快。4个大树树种(柳杉、钝顶乔木、木兰和锯缘栎树)在黎明前被砍下，并用称重传感器悬挂整个顶端以测量总重量的变化。同时，供水来自于树干的横截面。用热脉冲法监测切茎后树干液流速度(HPV：热脉冲速度)的变化。切茎后，由于切茎和水分的作用，木质部中的负压被溶解，木质部中的HPV(HPVpul)突然出现了暂时性的增加。然而，锯缘栎虫体内的HPV量并没有突然升高，日本和钝顶梭子蟹的HPVpul分别在1.5小时和2.5小时后恢复到正常水平。另一方面，水杨的水分供应能力在离开顶端仅1小时后就消失了，说明水杨树比日本沙棘和钝叶沙棘更容易供水。这意味着针叶树种的管胞系统对树干中的水流具有比环状多孔木质部中的导管系统更高的阻力。日本血吸虫的HPVpul与日最大HPV的比值随着树干深度的增加而增大，在18 mm处超过1，说明在顶部切断前的HPVmax并不代表最大导水量。

项目成果

K.Yoshikawa: "Assent of sap water in Ligu:dauber formosana under drught stress" Arid Land Reg.Centre Ann,Rep,1993-94. 7-11 (1994)

K.Yoshikawa：“Ligu 中的树液水的同意：药物胁迫下的 dauber formosana”Arid Land Reg.Centre Ann，Rep，1993-94。

Yoshikawa, K.: "Effects of water stress on the photosynthesis of Cinnamomum camphora.and Quercus glauca." J.Jpn.Soc.Revegetation Tech.(in press).

Yoshikawa, K.：“水分胁迫对樟树和青栎光合作用的影响。”

上田正文: "夏の無降雨期間がフウの樹液流速度に与える影響" 日本林学会誌. 76. 258-262 (1994)

Masafumi Ueda：“夏季少雨期对日本林业协会液流速度的影响。”76. 258-262 (1994)

Yoshikawa, K.: "Ascent of sap water in Liquidamber formosana under drought stress." Arid Lnad Research Center's Annual Report. 1993-94. 7-11 (1994)

Yoshikawa, K.：“干旱胁迫下枫香树液水的上升。”

吉川 賢: "クスノキ、アラカシの光合成に対する急性の水ストレスの影響" 日本緑化工学会誌. (発表予定).

Ken Yoshikawa：“急性水分胁迫对樟树和日本橡树光合作用的影响”日本植被工程学会杂志（待出版）。