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Studied on the diffusion of acid fallout and the succession of urban forest in Kyoto City

京都市酸沉降物扩散与城市森林演替研究

基本信息

批准号：
05660162
负责人：
ANDO Makoto
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05660162/
关键词：
rainfall acid fallout diffusion pH EC Kyoto City urban forest succession PH

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to clear the characteristic of rainfall in Kyoto City and to clear the stand structure and the dynamics of urban forests. To achieve this object, we collected the rainfall here and there in Kyoto City, and besides at 4 points in Kansai District using commercially sold acid rain collector. And we investigated at the permanent plots of the secondary stand which were established from 1980 locating in the northern part about 20 km distant from the town area of Kyoto CitypH at the beginning of rain was 3 level everywhere. And pH was increasing and EC was decreasing gradually in the progress of time. pH was the highest and EC was the lowest in the depths of mountain. pH was lower and EC was higher in the forest behind a industrial area, and there pH and EC hardly changed in the progress of time as compared with Kyoto City.In Kyoto City pH was higher in northern and eastern parts. Though in center of the town area EC was higher, pH were not so low generally, but pH was the lowest and EC was the highest near the highway. And it was expected that the rain was acidified by increasing of the rate of NO_3^- in pH lower area, but it may well be neutralized by increasing of the rate of NH_4^+ in centerThe investigated forests were consisted of many types stands. In mixed stands of Castanea crenata and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata where we could see frequently in this area the species in the lower story decreased and now the species of the light demanding tree were decreasing in the upper story gradually, too.

本研究的目的是明确京都市区降雨特征，明确城市森林的林分结构和动态。为了达到这个目的，我们用市售的酸雨收集器收集了京都各处的降雨量，以及关西区4个点的降雨量。在距京都市区约20公里的北部，1980年建立的次生林永久样地上进行了实地考察，初雨时到处都是3级。随着时间的推移，pH逐渐升高，EC逐渐降低。深山中pH最高，EC最低。与京都市区相比，工业区后方林地pH较低，EC较高，pH和EC随时间变化不大，京都市区北部和东部pH较高。虽然市中心的EC较高，但pH一般不是很低，但在高速公路附近pH最低，EC最高。在pH值较低的地区，降雨酸化的原因可能是NO_3~-的增加，而中心地区的NH_4~+的增加，则有可能使降雨酸化。在板栗和蒙古栎混交林中。在这一区域我们经常看到的罗汉果树，下层的物种减少了，现在上层的需光树种也在逐渐减少。