A physiological and biochemical study on the sports anemia

探讨了血浆游离脂肪酸作为诱导剂在运动性贫血中的作用，并从营养学角度探讨了预防运动性贫血的措施。所得结果如下：1)与剧烈运动（85% VO_<2max>）相比，中等强度运动（跑步，约50% VO_<2max>） 30 min血浆游离脂肪酸浓度升高。在快速状态下适度运动（呼吸商（RQ） 0.77）后，血浆脂肪酸明显升高（1.70 <正负bb0 0.48 mM，最大值2.7mM）。而在相同运动水平下，正常饮食下的血浆脂肪酸几乎没有升高（RQ; 0.87）（0.57 <正负bb0 0.24 mM）。2)适度运动后血浆中增加的脂肪酸为油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸或花生四烯酸（比例分别为20:15:10:3:2）。当将血浆中增加的脂肪酸混合物加入到体外正常全血中时，红细胞的形状从正常的盘状细胞转变为棘细胞。细胞的滤过性是用直径为5um孔的血膜来测定的。变形池的过滤速率明显降低。结果表明，游离脂肪酸掺入红细胞膜降低了细胞的变形能力。3)马拉松运动员仅训练半天后血浆中触珠蛋白浓度明显降低。血浆中触珠蛋白的减少表明引起血管溶血。4)上述结果提示红细胞破坏所致的运动性贫血可能与血浆游离脂肪酸被激素（儿茶酚胺）敏感脂肪酶水解有关。在训练前适当摄取能量来源似乎很重要，以抑制导致红细胞破坏的游离脂肪酸的过量产生。

A participation of plasma free fatty acid as a inducer on a sports anemia was investigated, and preventive measures on the anemia from nutritional point of view was discussed. The results obtained here are as follows ;1) The concentration of a plasma free fatty acid increased with moderate exercise (running, about 50% of VO_<2max>) for 30 min than the hard exercise (85% of VO_<2max>). After the moderate exercise at a fast state (respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.77), a marked elevation of the plasma fatty acid was observed (1.70 <plus-minus> 0.48 mM,maximum value : 2.7mM). However, little elevation of plasma fatty acid was observed under normal diet (RQ ; 0.87) after same level of exercise (0.57 <plus-minus> 0.24 mM).2) A kind of fatty acid increased in a plasma after the moderate exercise was oleic, palmitic, linoleic, palmitoleic or arachidonic acid (ratio ; 20 : 15 : 10 : 3 : 2, respectively). When a mixture of fatty acids increased in the plasma was added to the normal whole blood in vitro, an erythrocyte shape changed from a normal discocyte to an echinocyte. A filtrability of the cells was measured by using hemafilmembrane having a pore of 5 um in diameter. The filtration rate of the shape altered-cell was significantly decreased. The result implies that a free fatty acids incorporated into the erythrocyte membrane reduce the deformability of the cells.3) A haptoglobin concentration in a plasma of a marathon runner was markedly reduced after only half day training. A decrease in haptoglobin in a plasma indicates the hemolysis causing in the blood vessel.4) These results suggest that the sports anemia derived by destruction of the erythrocytes may be caused by the plasma free fatty acids which are hydrolyzed by hormon (catecholamine) sensitive lipase. A proper uptake of energy sources before training seems to be important, in order to suppress an excessive production of free fatty acid resulting in erythrocyte destruction.