A Study on Value Consciousnesses of the Aged People : Their Outdoor/Nature Oriented Leisure Style

本研究旨在了解老年人户外/自然休闲方式的价值意识。分析程序和结果如下：分析程序(包括初步调查)；(1)对“户外活动流”概念的分析；(2)对户外活动的文化比较调查--世界、加拿大和日本；(3)对户外流体验免费描述的考虑；(4)ESM(体验抽样法)项目的修改；(5)茨城县滨崎町老年人户外/自然休闲方式的社会学调查。结果与讨论：老年人的价值意识是“生命/健康”和“家庭”。然而，与年轻人相比，他们没有任何积极的生活方式。积极生活方式的动机受到心理(价值意识)、制度(教育、时间、朋友、指导员)和物质/身体(体能、设施)因素等几个基本条件的干扰。老年人积极生活方式的贫乏，特别是缺乏体育锻炼，他们更喜欢安静地从事“园艺”或去“温泉”或去“水上设施”。未来老年人休闲方式的研究应该包括更现实的/非西化的参照之火，以及对日本传统被动休闲/游戏的意义的调查。

The purpose of this study was to clarify the vlue consciousnesses of the outdoor/nature oriented leisure styles of the aged people.Analytical procedures and results are as follows :Analyticai procedures (including preliminary investigations) ;(1) An analysis of the concepts of the "flow of outdoor activities",(2) A cultural comparative investigations of outdoor activities--World, Canada & Japan--,(3) The considerations of the free descriptions on outdoor flow experiences,(4) The modifications of ESM (Experience Sampling Method) items,(5) Sociological surveys of the outdoor/nature oriented leisure styles of the aged in Hasaki-machi, Ibaraki prefecture.Results and Discussions ;The value consciousnesses of the aged were "life/health" and "family". However they did not have any active life styles, comparing with the young.Motivations for active life style were disturbed by several fundamental conditions of mental (value consciousnes), institutional (education, time, friends, instructors) and material/physical (physical fitness, facilities) factors.Instead of the "poorness of active life styles" of the aged, especially the lack of physical exercise, they preferred spending their leisure time peacefully engaging themselves in "gardening"or traveling to "Onsen"/going to "Aqua facilities".Perspectives of future research of the leisure styles of the aged should involve the more realistic/non-westernalized flame of referencess and the investigations of the meanings of Japanese traditional-passive leisure/play.