Control of Prothoracicotropic Hormone Secretion with Neurotransmitters in Brains of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and Wild Silkmoth (Antheraea pernyi).

家蚕：(1)神经分泌细胞内Ca^<2+>-离子的增加是脑-心-体复合器官释放促胸前激素（pth）的必要条件。(2)在神经递质中，乙酰胆碱激动剂（carbachol）刺激复杂器官释放甲状旁腺激素的效果最好。血清素和多巴胺对这种释放也有刺激作用。(3)在碳甾醇诱导的甲状旁腺激素释放过程中，肌碱型乙酰胆碱受体诱导的信号转导参与了甲状旁腺激素的释放。在特定抑制剂抑制这种释放的基础上，磷脂酶的激活以及随后的蛋白激酶C和Ca^<2+>/钙调素蛋白激酶的激活在这种信号转导中是必不可少的。(4)蛋白激酶C磷酸化25kd蛋白，而Ca^<2+>/Carmodulin蛋白激酶磷酸化32kD和21kD蛋白。25kD-和21kd -磷酸化蛋白均存在于异位体中，提示这些蛋白可能参与异位体延长轴突末端的PTTH释放。柞蚕：(1)内分泌级联（甲状旁腺激素释放*前胸腺刺激*蜕皮激素分泌）明显参与了蛹滞育的终止。(2)神经递质血清素可能通过控制复杂器官中神经分泌细胞的甲状旁腺激素释放来调节这一级联反应。

In Bombyx mori :(1) The increase in intracellular Ca^<2+>-ion in neurosecretory cell was essential for the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) release from brain-corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex organ.(2) Among neurotransmitters tested, carbachol (acetylcholine agonist) stimulated the PTTH release most effectively from the complex organ. Serotonin and dopamine also exerted stimulatory effects on this release.(3) In the carbachol-induced release of PTTH,muscarnic acetylcholine receptor induced signal transduction was involved in the PTTH release. On the basis of the suppression of this release with specific inhibitors, it became apparent that activation of phospholipase and subsequent activation of protein kinase C and Ca^<2+>/Carmodulin protein kinase at the same time were essential in this signal transduction.(4) Protein kinase C phosphorylated 25 kD protein, while Ca^<2+>/Carmodulin protein kinase did 32kD and 21kD proteins in the complex organ. Both 25kD- and 21kD-phosphorylated protein were found in corpus allutum alone, suggesting that these proteins might possibly participate in the PTTH release from extended axon terminal in corpus allatum.In Antheraea pernyi :(1) An endocrine cascade (PTTH release * stimulation of prothoracic gland * ecdyson secretion) was evidently involved in termination of pupal diapause.(2) A neurotransmitter, serotonin, might possibly modulate this cascade by controlling the PTTH release from neurosecretory cells in the complex organ.