Control of Prothoracicotropic Hormone Secretion with Neurotransmitters in Brains of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and Wild Silkmoth (Antheraea pernyi).

家蚕：(1)神经分泌细胞内Ca~(2+)的增加是脑-心体-扁桃体复合器官促前胸腺激素(PTTH)释放的关键。(2)在所测试的神经递质中，氨基甲胆碱(乙酰胆碱激动剂)刺激复合器官释放PTTH的效果最好。5-羟色胺和多巴胺对甲状旁腺素的释放也有刺激作用。(3)在卡巴胆碱诱导的甲状旁腺素释放过程中，M受体诱导的信号转导参与了甲状旁腺素的释放。在用特定的抑制剂抑制这一释放的基础上，很明显，磷脂酶的激活和随后的蛋白激酶C和随后的钙调素蛋白激酶的激活在这个信号转导中是必不可少的。(4)蛋白激酶C使25kD的蛋白质磷酸化，而在复杂的器官中，钙蛋白激酶对32kD和21kD的蛋白质起磷酸化作用。25kD和21kD的磷酸化蛋白仅在胚胎体中被发现，提示这些蛋白可能参与了PTTH从伸展的轴突终末的释放。在Antheraea pernyi中：(1)内分泌级联(PTTH释放*刺激前胸腺*蜕皮分泌)明显参与了蛹滞育的终止。(2)神经递质5-羟色胺可能通过控制复杂器官中神经分泌细胞的PTTH释放来调节这一级联反应。

In Bombyx mori :(1) The increase in intracellular Ca^<2+>-ion in neurosecretory cell was essential for the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) release from brain-corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex organ.(2) Among neurotransmitters tested, carbachol (acetylcholine agonist) stimulated the PTTH release most effectively from the complex organ. Serotonin and dopamine also exerted stimulatory effects on this release.(3) In the carbachol-induced release of PTTH,muscarnic acetylcholine receptor induced signal transduction was involved in the PTTH release. On the basis of the suppression of this release with specific inhibitors, it became apparent that activation of phospholipase and subsequent activation of protein kinase C and Ca^<2+>/Carmodulin protein kinase at the same time were essential in this signal transduction.(4) Protein kinase C phosphorylated 25 kD protein, while Ca^<2+>/Carmodulin protein kinase did 32kD and 21kD proteins in the complex organ. Both 25kD- and 21kD-phosphorylated protein were found in corpus allutum alone, suggesting that these proteins might possibly participate in the PTTH release from extended axon terminal in corpus allatum.In Antheraea pernyi :(1) An endocrine cascade (PTTH release * stimulation of prothoracic gland * ecdyson secretion) was evidently involved in termination of pupal diapause.(2) A neurotransmitter, serotonin, might possibly modulate this cascade by controlling the PTTH release from neurosecretory cells in the complex organ.