Synthetic Studies on Dada, Surrealism and Other Avan-garde Movements in the 20 th Century World Art

我们对“达达与超现实主义”以及与这些运动密切相关的20世纪前卫艺术的小组研究自然涵盖了不同的历史和地理领域。从一开始，我们的目标不仅包括调查法国和欧洲的前卫运动，还包括追踪它们在日本的接受和发展。1986年秋至1987年春在巴黎蓬皮杜国家文化中心举办的“先锋派的日本”展览，为我们的研究提供了指导原则之一。在这次展览中，我们组的三个成员从策划阶段就参加了：Be， Watanabe和Hasumi。通过这次展览，首先揭示了日本和法国（或欧洲）在接受“前卫”方面的差距。在同一时期，日本的先锋派并不总是法国的先锋派；在日本被视为革命的事件，在许多情况下，在欧洲是平庸的，完全过时的。第二种是与达达主义和超现实主义毫无关系的“20世纪前卫派”。因此，如果我们在目前的研究中将我们的视角局限于“达达主义和超现实主义”，那么我们对“前卫艺术”的概念必然是片面的。基于这些思考，我们于1987年5月和6月在东京大学文理学院组织了一系列以“今天什么是‘前卫’”为主题的研讨会。四场降神会的主题分别是：“后现代视界”、“科技与前卫”、“一部名为“戏剧”的小说”和“当代音乐视界”。至于每位成员在其专业领域所取得的成果，请参阅打印的最终报告。我们认为我们的研究取得了显著的成果，特别是通过国际合作和跨学科的方法。

Our group study on "Dada and Surrealism" and the avant-garde arts of the 20 th century, closely associated with these movements, has naturally covered various historical and geographical fields. From the beginning, our objective has consisted not only in investigating the avant-garde movements in France and in Europe, but also in tracing their reception and development in Japan. It is the exposition "Japan of the Avant-gardes" given in the National Cultural Center of Georges Pompidou in Paris, from autumn 1986 to spring 1987, that gave us one of the guiding principles of our research. In this exposition did three members of our group take part from the stage of planning : Be, Watanabe and Hasumi. What came to light through this exposition was, in the first place, a gap, between Japan and France (or Europe), in the acceptation of "avant-garde". A Japanese avant-garde is not always a French avant-garde in the same period ; what is considered as a revolutionary event in Japan is, in many cases, banal and completely out of date in Europe. Secondly, there are "avant-gardes of the 20 th century" having nothing to do with Dada or surrealism. So, if we limited, in the present research, our point of view to the only "Dada and surrealism", our conception of "avant-garde art" should inevitably be partial.Standing on these reflections, we organized a series of symposiums by the title of "What is the 'avant-garde', today ?" in the College of Arts and Sciences of University of Tokyo in May and June 1987. The themes of four seances were : "The Post-modern Horizon", "Technology and the Avant-garde", "A Fiction Named 'Theater'"and"The Horizon of Contemporary Music".As to the results that each member has realized in his major field, see the printed final report. We consider that our research has achieved remarkable results, particularly by international collaborations and interdisciplinary approaches.