FARM LAND CONSOLIDATION FOR LOTUS FIELDS

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1. Physical Properties of Soil in Lotus FieldsThe proper measurement methods of permeability and water pressure head while percolating, three phases ratio and soil hardness were examined in lotus fields.The soil physical properties of plow and subsurface layer were measured in the shore of Kasumigaura Lake - Dejima-mura, Ibaraki. The results are as follows;1) Plow layer has moisture ratio over 200 percent and the inadequate hardness for bearing capacity in the fields, because almost year-round lotus fields are flooded and the plow layers in lotus fields are deeper than in paddy fields.2) If the soil hardness of plow layer is over a certain cone index, the problems in the quality and yield of lotus roots may be anticipated.3) The optimum depth of plow layer is 30 to 35 cm for the fine quality and high yield of lotus roots.4) Subsurface layer functioning as hard pan supports farmers and farm machines.5) The soil physical properties in lotus fields were compared with those in adjacent pad … More dy fields.2. Land Consolidation in Lotus FieldsSeveral case studies suggest the following informations.1) Land consolidation in lotus fields can be planned similarly as in paddy fields.2) The width of farm road is necessary to be 3.5 to 4.1 meters for two trucks to pass each other.3) Considered from land grading, land decrease percentage, carrying out the harvested lotus roots and the other aspects, the intervals between access roads are recommended 200 meters.4) The height of farm roads in lotus fields should be higher than in paddy fields because of soft and weak ground. For the same reasons, in some cases farm roads or levees should be made from hard and strong materials as concrete or sand bags.5) The farm drain ditches in lotus fields can be constructed shallower than in paddy fields.6) The larger the scale of a farm is or the less the number of lots cultivated by one farmer is, the bigger the size of farm lot can be planned. The enlargement of a lot may be accepted more than 30 a (30 m X100 m) in lotus fields. Less