FARM LAND CONSOLIDATION FOR LOTUS FIELDS

1. 荷田土壤物理性质研究了荷田土壤渗透性、渗透压头、三相比和土壤硬度的测定方法。对茨城市霞光湖湖岸- Dejima-mura地区耕层和次表层土壤的物理性质进行了测定。研究结果如下：1)荷田几乎终年淹水，荷田耕层较水田深，导致耕层含水率超过200%，耕地硬度不足以承载荷田。2)如果犁层土壤硬度超过一定的锥度指数，藕的质量和产量就会出现问题。3)莲藕优质高产的最佳耕层深度为30 ~ 35 cm。4)次表层作为硬盘支撑农民和农机。5)比较了荷田土壤物理性质与邻近垫地土壤物理性质的差异。莲花田的土地整理几个案例研究提出了以下信息。1)荷田的土地整理规划与水田类似。2)农用公路宽度为3.5 ~ 4.1米，以便两辆卡车相互通行。3)从土地定级、土地减量率、开展莲藕采收等方面考虑，建议通道间距200米。4)由于荷田土地松软，农田道路的高度应高于水田。出于同样的原因，在某些情况下，农田道路或堤坝应该由坚硬而坚固的材料制成，如混凝土或沙袋。5)荷田农田排水沟可建得比水田农田排水沟浅。6)一个农场的规模越大或一个农民耕种的地块数量越少，则可以规划的农场地块规模越大。荷花田可接受扩大面积30 a （30 m X100 m）以上。少

1. Physical Properties of Soil in Lotus FieldsThe proper measurement methods of permeability and water pressure head while percolating, three phases ratio and soil hardness were examined in lotus fields.The soil physical properties of plow and subsurface layer were measured in the shore of Kasumigaura Lake - Dejima-mura, Ibaraki. The results are as follows;1) Plow layer has moisture ratio over 200 percent and the inadequate hardness for bearing capacity in the fields, because almost year-round lotus fields are flooded and the plow layers in lotus fields are deeper than in paddy fields.2) If the soil hardness of plow layer is over a certain cone index, the problems in the quality and yield of lotus roots may be anticipated.3) The optimum depth of plow layer is 30 to 35 cm for the fine quality and high yield of lotus roots.4) Subsurface layer functioning as hard pan supports farmers and farm machines.5) The soil physical properties in lotus fields were compared with those in adjacent pad … More dy fields.2. Land Consolidation in Lotus FieldsSeveral case studies suggest the following informations.1) Land consolidation in lotus fields can be planned similarly as in paddy fields.2) The width of farm road is necessary to be 3.5 to 4.1 meters for two trucks to pass each other.3) Considered from land grading, land decrease percentage, carrying out the harvested lotus roots and the other aspects, the intervals between access roads are recommended 200 meters.4) The height of farm roads in lotus fields should be higher than in paddy fields because of soft and weak ground. For the same reasons, in some cases farm roads or levees should be made from hard and strong materials as concrete or sand bags.5) The farm drain ditches in lotus fields can be constructed shallower than in paddy fields.6) The larger the scale of a farm is or the less the number of lots cultivated by one farmer is, the bigger the size of farm lot can be planned. The enlargement of a lot may be accepted more than 30 a (30 m X100 m) in lotus fields. Less