Study on the Method of Total Water Resources Management on a Catchment Basis

目前，由于区域和环境规划的重要性日益增加，以集水区为基础的水资源管理是非常必要的。因此，本研究的重点是分析人类活动对水循环的影响。首先对集水区水的基本运动进行了两项基础性研究：1)农业用水回流机理（后藤）；利用网格槽模型成功地进行了水文模拟，对几个实际水系进行了分析，从而准确地估算了总回流流量。该模型还包括融雪因子。2)河流非定常流场模拟（Kubo）；开发的新方案大大减少了cpu时间消耗，使实际大型河流系统的长期计算成为可能。所开发的方法可以估计出资源水库放水量在Tone-river用水户的日常用水所需的提前时间。第三项研究是：3)实际水系统运营商的管理逻辑（Nakamura）；利用知识工程语言PROLOG对中江农业水系进行了实地研究，并对操作人员的经验进行了总结。用这种语言，制定了一个程序，包括逻辑和物理水流在水系统。这样就对整个系统进行了全面的仿真。以上三种研究方法对实际的作业决策有一定的参考价值，特别是在实际大江大河严重干旱的情况下。

In these days, water resources managements on a catchment basis are very necessitated because of the growing importance of regional and environmental planning. Analyses on human activity effects on hydrological cycles were thus focused in this study. Two fundamental researches on basic movement of water in catchments were firstly performed such as :1) Mechanism of returning flow from agricultural water use (by Goto) ; A new hydrological simulation with meshed tank model was successfully performed to analyze several actual river systems, resulting in the accurate estimation of the total return flows. Snow melt factors were also included in this model.2) Unsteady flow simulation in rivers (by Kubo) ; The developed new skemes much reduced CPU-time consumption, enabling a long term calculation of actual large river systems. The developed method could estimate lead time of the flow released from resource reservoir at the water users in Tone-river to be used in their daily operations.The third research was on : 3) The management logic of actual water system operators (by Nakamura) ; Field studies were conducted on Naka-river agricultural water system and the operators' experience was formulated with the use of knowledge engineering language, PROLOG. With this language, a program was formulated including both the logic and the physical water flow in water systems. An overall simulation of a total system was thus performed.Methods developed by the above three researches will be useful in making the actual decision of operations, especially in the case of severe drought conditions on actual large rivers.