Diagnostic and Nosological Study on Developmental Disorders Related to Infantile Autism

为了进行这项研究，我们开发了三个评分表。第一个是儿童自闭症评定量表-东京版(CARS-TV)，在DSM-III诊断组上表现出令人满意的分类有效性。克朗巴赫的阿尔法是.87。评价员之间的平均可靠性(R)为0.62。其次，东京自闭症行为量表(TAB)显示出令人满意的重测信度(总分的相关系数为0.94)。克朗巴赫的阿尔法是.78。婴儿自闭症(IA)组的TAB总分显著高于其他5个DSM-III组。标签和汽车电视总分之间的r值为0.59。第三，自闭症倾向量表(CAT)对DSM-III组具有良好的分半信度和同时效度，57例其他普适性发展障碍(OPDD)患者的CARS-TV总分显著低于39例IAS患者。在视觉反应和一般印象这两个汽车电视量表上，OPDD的受损程度明显低于IAS。总分和9个项目的得分表明，OPDD受到的损害明显低于IA.15例崩解性精神病(DP)患者在回归前的发展好于性别和年龄匹配的30例有类似回归的IA。但在超过一半的存款保障计划中，这并不完全正常，因为这类历史案例中的一些。经回归分析，DPS的心理发展水平显著低于IAS。DPS和IAS的CARS-TV总分无显著差异。我们建议将ICD-10草案中解体障碍诊断标准(DP的新名称)中回归前的“明显正常发育”一词替换为“正常或接近正常发育”。尽管OPDD在智力和自闭症障碍方面似乎比IA轻微，但它仍然是多种疾病的混合体，需要更精确的划分。

To conduct this study, we developed three rating scales. The first one, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale--Tokyo Version (CARS-TV) demonstrated satisfactory taxonomic validity on DSM-III diagnostic groups. Cronbach's alpha was .87. An average interrater reliability (r) was .62. The next, the Tokyo Autistic Behavior Scale (TABS) showed a satisfactory test-retest reliability (r for the total score was .94). Cronbach's alpha was .78. The total TABS score was significantly higher in infantile autism (IA) than in other five DSM-III groups. A value of r between total scores of the TABS and the CARS-TV was .59. The third, the Checklist for Autistic Tendency (CAT) showed satisfactory split-half reliability and concurrent validity to the DSM-III groups.The total CARS-TV score was significantly lower in 57 Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders (OPDDs) than in 39 IAs. OPDDs were significantly less impaired than IAs in two CARS-TV scales : Visual responsiveness and general impressions. The total and nine item TABS scores indicated that OPDD was significantly less impaired than IA.Development before regression was better in 15 disintegrative psychosis (DP) cases than sex- and age-matched 30 IAs having had similar regression. But it was not entirely normal in more than half of the DPs as some of such historical cases. After regression, DPs had significantly lower mental development level than IAs. The total CARS-TV score did not differ significantly between DPs and IAs. We suggested a phrase "apparent normal development" before regression in the diagnostic criteria for disintegrative disorder (a new name for DP) in ICD-10 draft be replaced with "normal or near normal development." Although OPDD seems milder in intellectual and autistic impairments than IA, it is still a mixture of diverse conditions that need more precise division.