Diagnostic and Nosological Study on Developmental Disorders Related to Infantile Autism

为了进行这项研究，我们开发了三种评定量表。第一，儿童自闭症评定量表-东京版（CARS-TV）在DSM-III诊断组中表现出令人满意的分类效度。Cronbach的alpha是。87。平均间信度(r)为0.62。其次，东京自闭症行为量表（TABS）显示出令人满意的重测信度（总分r为0.94）。Cronbach的alpha值为0.78。儿童自闭症（IA）的tab总分明显高于其他5个DSM-III组。TABS总分与CARS-TV总分之间的r值为0.59。第三，自闭倾向量表（CAT）对DSM-III组具有令人满意的半分信度和同时效度。57例其他广泛性发育障碍（opdd）患儿的car - tv总分显著低于39例其他广泛性发育障碍患儿。在两个CARS-TV量表：视觉反应和一般印象中，opdd的受损程度明显低于IAs。总得分和9项tab得分表明，OPDD的损伤程度明显小于IA。15例崩解性精神病（DP）患者在退化前的发展优于性别和年龄匹配的30例具有类似退化的IAs。但在半数以上的经济体中，这并不完全正常，就像历史上的一些案例一样。回归后，dp的心理发展水平显著低于IAs。总CARS-TV评分在dp和IAs之间无显著差异。我们建议将ICD-10草案中崩解性障碍（DP的新名称）诊断标准中的“明显正常发育”一词替换为“正常或接近正常发育”。虽然OPDD在智力和自闭症障碍方面似乎比IA要温和，但它仍然是多种情况的混合体，需要更精确的划分。

To conduct this study, we developed three rating scales. The first one, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale--Tokyo Version (CARS-TV) demonstrated satisfactory taxonomic validity on DSM-III diagnostic groups. Cronbach's alpha was .87. An average interrater reliability (r) was .62. The next, the Tokyo Autistic Behavior Scale (TABS) showed a satisfactory test-retest reliability (r for the total score was .94). Cronbach's alpha was .78. The total TABS score was significantly higher in infantile autism (IA) than in other five DSM-III groups. A value of r between total scores of the TABS and the CARS-TV was .59. The third, the Checklist for Autistic Tendency (CAT) showed satisfactory split-half reliability and concurrent validity to the DSM-III groups.The total CARS-TV score was significantly lower in 57 Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders (OPDDs) than in 39 IAs. OPDDs were significantly less impaired than IAs in two CARS-TV scales : Visual responsiveness and general impressions. The total and nine item TABS scores indicated that OPDD was significantly less impaired than IA.Development before regression was better in 15 disintegrative psychosis (DP) cases than sex- and age-matched 30 IAs having had similar regression. But it was not entirely normal in more than half of the DPs as some of such historical cases. After regression, DPs had significantly lower mental development level than IAs. The total CARS-TV score did not differ significantly between DPs and IAs. We suggested a phrase "apparent normal development" before regression in the diagnostic criteria for disintegrative disorder (a new name for DP) in ICD-10 draft be replaced with "normal or near normal development." Although OPDD seems milder in intellectual and autistic impairments than IA, it is still a mixture of diverse conditions that need more precise division.